m 



94 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



in the United States often only three classes are differentiated, designated by- 

 Roman numerals, quality I representing the most productive site class. 

 Syn.: quality of site. 

 G., Bonitat. F., qualite du sol. 

 Slit method. See Forest planting. 



Slope. The gradient of the land surface. In forest description, the following terms 

 are used to define the slope, each of which has its equivalent in percentages of 

 the horizontal distance and in degrees: 



Precipitous = over 100% = over 45 



Snowbreak. The breaking of limbs of trees by snow. 



G., Schneebruch. F., bris de neige. 

 Social. Said of species apt to form pure stands. 



Syn.: gregarious. 

 Soil. In forest description, the origin, composition, depth and moisture of the 

 forest soil are considered under soil. Its depth, to subsoil, rock or groundwater, 

 is defined by the following terms, each of which has its equivalent in inches: 



Very shallow = less than 6 inches. 

 Shallow = 6 to 12 inches. 



Moderate = 12 to 24 inches. 

 Deep = 24 to 36 inches. 



Very deep = over 36 inches. 



The moisture of the soil is defined by the following terms: 



Wet. When water drips from a piece held in the hand without pressing. 



Moist. When water drips from a piece pressed in the hand. 



Fresh. When no water drips from a piece pressed in the hand, though it is 

 unmistakably present. 



Dry. When there is little or no trace of water. 



Very dry. When the soil is parched. Such soils are usually caked and very 

 hard, sand being an exception. 

 Soil rent. See Rent. 



Soil rent value. Value based on soil rent. 

 Sour humus. See Humus. 

 Sowing. See Direct seeding. 



Space number. The average distance between the trees in a stand divided by their 

 average diameter; used to estimate volume of stand. 



G., Abstandszahl. 

 Sprout. A tree which has grown from a stump or root. See Tree class. 



Syn. : shoot, root sucker. 



G., Stockausschlag. F., rejet de souche. 

 Sprout forest. See Coppice. 

 Sprout method. See Reproduction methods. 



