206 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



merchantable timber in lodgepole and white pine. There are very 

 large areas where the majority of the large trees are wholly un- 

 merchantable because of its "white" or "red rot." It is also bad in 

 Englemann spruce. 



Bchinodontium tinctorum in western hemlock and white tir is a 

 typical nuisance, a growing expense as stumpage values in this species 

 increase, and, for the future, something of a menace. 



The amount and value of the standing white oak each year rendered 

 unmerchantable by round and flat headed borers may well equal 

 the amount of this species that reaches the market. 



Southern pine logs must be rushed from the woods to the mill 

 and the dry-kiln or the chemical bath in order to prevent the lowering 

 of grades caused by the "bluing" fungi (or is it fungus?). 



Every coniferous nursery in the country and probably in the 

 world suffers from the work of the "damping-ofif" fungi (known, in 

 this case, to be plural). 



The collection of Douglas fir and other cones, in some seasons 

 and localities, is not worth the while because of the work of seed- 

 destroying insects. Where these insects have not been at work and 

 the seed is sound, the moulding of the green cones in the sacks largely 

 increases the expense of opening them and probably impairs the 

 quality of the seed. 



The gnawing of mountain-rats and brush-rabbits has practically 

 prohibited the planting of large areas of California chaparral country. 



Rabbits, in certain large districts in Canada, are causing more 

 damage than fire and appear to be a more permanent menace to the 

 local spruce forests. 



A considerable section of a rich Montana valley is practically 

 depopulated and forest work in the vicinity is more or less at a stand- 

 still on account of an especially virulent fever transmitted to humans 

 by a wood-tick. 



Natural reproduction and artificial plantation of white pine in 

 many of the Adirondack Parks is at present useless because of the 

 continual browsing of the deer. 



Broadcast sowing of tree seed in the burns of the western 

 mountains would be the cheapest and perhaps the most satisfactory 

 method of reproducing those millions of acres, were it not for the 

 difficulty of ridding the planting areas of rodents, principally chip- 

 munks and mice, which eat the seed which has been broadcasted and 

 even that put in by the seed-spot method. 



