FOREST BIOLOGY 207 



Certain successful western plantations, just beginning to make 

 good leaders, have been more or less ruined by grouse picking off the 

 terminal buds. 



Greyling in the AuSable River of Michigan and big rainbow trout 

 in the North Platte in Wyoming, have become scarce since the rivers 

 have been driven. 



The bighorn sheep of the Rockies are practically extinct, 

 presumably because the scab disease of domestic sheep was co n- 

 municated to them. 



In proportion to their total values, the damage done to the fish 

 and fur and game by forest fires is .probably greater than the damage 

 which the fire does to the timber. 



Trees and other plants may become pests in the forest, as in the 

 extending chaparral areas or perhaps in the case of the jack pine and 

 scrub oak of the Lake States sand plains, or like ailanthus in various 

 sections of the Middle States. Poison ivy and sumac and the poison 

 range plants of the West are forest associates. The ravages of the 

 mistletoe in the South and West are just beginning to be appreciated 

 as serious and promising to be difficult of control. In the South the 

 water hyacinth often interferes with log transport ; green briar in- 

 creases the cost of lower Mississippi logging. \"arious species of 

 Ceanothus, the buckthorn, menzezia sala, vine maple, and sweet fern 

 are forest pests. Successful control of the black-locust borer seems 

 to be predicted on the elimination of golden rod from the vicinity 

 of plantations. The eradication of Ribes from white-pine stands may 

 be imperative if white pine is to be protected from the blister rust. 

 Many forests can be worked efficiently only when the mosquito and 

 the black fly and the "punkie," the' rattlesnake and the chigger and 

 the woodtick are no longer present or are tremendously reduced in 

 numbers. 



Through the administration of grazing affairs, in the western 

 forests, the forester is intimately concerned with the contagious 

 diseases of domestic animals. Failure to cooperate with the proper 

 authorities effectively may let loose on his forest a band of sheep 

 with the lip and leg disease and this may drive out the other sheep 

 permittees, losing the income for the season. In the South any forest 

 administration will have to cooperate with the anti-tick campaign 

 among cattle owners. 



Another phase of forest administration appears in the necessity 

 for exercising supervision over the sanitation of camps, especially 



