406 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



;;Ik1 covers a wide range of conditions. Ger.nan foresters'- are by no 

 means all of one mind concerning this subject of large versus small 

 area management. The foresters — particularly silviculturists favoring 

 natural seed regeneration — wiho are primarily concerned with the 

 technical aspect of forestry, namely, the production of the crop, recom- 

 mend relatively small regeneration areas, while those who are chiefly 

 engaged in the business aspect of the subject, namely, the procuring of 

 the revenue, favor larger regeneration areas. There is, however, 

 general agreement among them that neither the very small nor the 

 exceedingly large regeneration areas are the n-iost desirable and 

 practical. 



In answer to the first of the above questions the Hartigs^^ have 

 written that large regeneration areas are more difficult to protect 

 against fungi and insects, suffer more from drought, sun-scald, frost 

 and grassy growth, and result in a greater amount of windfall and 

 windbreak than small regeneration areas. Mayr* states that the small- 

 stand method of mixing species serves as a natural check upon the 

 migration of calamities caused by insects, snow, and storm. Toumey^ 

 recommends that when large continuous tracts are seeded or planted 

 it is often desirable to subdivide the area into 20 to 40 acre divisions 

 separated from each other by suitable fire lines. The avoidance of 

 large areas of young stands (especially important in conifers on 

 account of fire) is advised by Roth,^ who also states that it is almost 

 certain that the next fifty years will demonstrate the dangers and 

 losses in the United States which are sure to come with extensive 

 unbroken areas of pure growing stands of pine. The foregoing 

 opinions are authoritative, and show beyond a doubt that it is not 

 safe to plant extensive undivided tracts to forest trees, particularly 

 coniferous species. The writer has yet to find a single person who 

 can ofifer an efifective method of combating a forest fire, when well 

 under way, within a pure stand of even-aged white pine or other 

 evergreen conifers, in the thicket stage, i. e., when 10 to 25 years old. 



^Endres, Dr. M.: Grossflachenwirtschaft und Kleinflachenwirtschaft. (Forst- 

 wissenschaftliches Centralblatt, s. 401-412, August, 1913.) Also Wagner, Prof. C: 

 Gross-oder Kleinflachenwirtschaft. (Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt, s. 3-26, 

 January, 1914.) 



'Hartig, Theodore und Robert: Lehrbuch fur Forster. Zweiter Band, s. 22, 

 Stuggart, 1877. 



* Mayr, Heinrich: Waldbau auf naturgesetzlicher Grimdlage, s. 548. Berlin, 1909. 



5 Toumey, James W.: Seeding and Planting, p. 185. John Wiley & Sons. 



«Roth, Filibert: Forest Regulation, pp. 122, 126. Ann Arbor, Mich. 



