PERIODICAL LITERATURE 489 



UTILIZATION, MARKET, AND TECHNOLOGY 



In the March issue of the Scientific Monthly, 

 By-Products in the Progress of Science Department, the value 

 of the of by-products of the forest as related to na- 



Forests and tional defense is most forcibly emphasized by 

 National the results of studies carried to a successful 



Defense completion at the United States Forest Products 



Laboratory at Madison, Wis. Powder for war 

 munitions, disinfectants for protection against contagious diseases, 

 and artificial silk for clothing are a few such products. Charcoal is 

 essential for black powder; acetone, derived from hardwood distilla- 

 tion, is used in the manufacture of nitrocellulose powder; pure wood 

 alcohol for formaldehyde as a disinfectant ; wood cellulose is made into 

 cloth or artificial silk, and paper garments are reported as being exten- 

 sively used by some of the European combatants. The demand for 

 black walnut for gun stocks has greatly increased ; even willow for 

 wooden legs was never so much needed, and large quantities of spruce 

 are being used not only in the United States but exported for use in 

 the manufacture of aeroplanes. And in this connection, in the recent 

 reports of the Paris Academy of Sciences on the Loutreill Foundation, 

 it is stated that among the many grants made by the council of this 

 Foundation is one of 4,000 francs to the Association of Arts and 

 Trades to Louis Blaringhem for the creation of a typical collection for 

 the determination and classification of the woods used in the aeronautic 

 industry. J. D. G. 



By-Products of the Forests. The Scientific Monthly, March, 1917, pp. 286-288. 



MENSURATION, FINANCE, AND MANAGEMENT 



In a recent issue of the Scientific Monthly is 



Progress in given the gist of an address by Edward A. 



Mapping Reeves before the Geographical Section of the 



the Earth 1916 meeting of the British Association for the 



Advancement of Science on the progress in the 



mapping of the earth since 1860. As showing the great progress that 



has been made, it is pointed out that in the Eastern Hemisphere in 



1860, outside the continent of Europe, the only country where any 



mapping, based on triangulation, had been done was India. In Europe, 



