626 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



The specific gravity of all these woods is very variable, ranging 

 between 0.350 and 0.750, so that on an average a cubic meter would 

 weigh 550 kilograms (1,213 pounds), and would yield about 200 kilo- 

 grams (441 pounds) of mechanical pulp, or 125 to 150 kilograms (2T5 

 to 330 pounds) of unbleached chemical pulp. 



Conditions of Exploitation 



The conditions of exploitation naturally depend upon the topo- 

 graphical situation of these forests. It is possible to come to an agree- 

 ment with the proprietors or with the companies which exploit the 

 cabinet woods only, or to acquire certain of the forests and work them 

 as a whole. On this would depend the net cost per cubic meter of wood 

 delivered at the mill. It is impossible to state an average value per 

 cubic meter ; the writer will merely give, as a guide, an example corre- 

 sponding to an industrial exploitation of relatively little importance, of 

 which the mills are situated at a short distance from a navigable river 

 connected with a seaport. 



Whether the wood is worked by the enterprise or whether it is 

 purchased from the exploiters, let it be supposed that its cost, delivered 

 to the mills in the proximity of the river, is 3f. 50c. (2s. lid.) per 

 cubic meter. Let it also be assumed that the cost of labor is (if. 

 (5s.) per day of 10 hours, with 300 working days per year. This being 

 so, let us calculate what would be the cost price of 100 kilograms (220 

 pounds) of mechanical pulp for an output of 20 tons of pulp per day. 

 This works out as follows : 



Estimated Cost 



Motive power: 1,500 h.p., produced by burning wood chips, etc., 



the net cost of which would be If. (lOd.) per cubic meter. 



F.c. 

 Of this fuel 60 cubic meters per day would be necessary — 60 f., or 



for 100 1-ilograms of pulp 30 



For 100 kiloerams of pulp 3"2 cubic meter of white wood is 



suff cient, or 1.75 



Labor: in mill, 50 men at 6 f.— 300 f.— for 100 kilos 1.50 



Land transport, 20 men at 6 f .— 120 f. — for 100 kilos 60 



Ten mules at 2 f.— 20 f .— for 100 kilos 10 



River transport (100 h.p. steam barge, 400 tons, with crew of 10 



men) would cost about 20 f. per 20 tons manufactured — for 100 



kilos 10 



Lighting, oil, etc. — 2' f. per day — for 100 kilos 12 



Management and staff — I'Of. per day — for 100 kilos 75 



Am-ortization of capital — 800,000f. arrortized at the rate of 15 per 



cent per annum, or per worling 400 f. — for 100 Hlos 20 



F. 5.42 



