636 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



the Chaudiere valley to the coast is chiefly coniferous, spruce and bal- 

 sam predominating ; while west of this valley the forest has the charac- 

 ter of the plain forest. In the Gaspe region and near the Metapedia 

 valley the admixture of white birch (paper birch?) is characteristic. 

 In this region private forest property is rather extensive and pulpwood 

 export to the United States comes largely from here, the lack of 

 waterpower restricting paper mill development at home. 



Rapid rivers, with many waterpowers and innumerable lakes, 

 characterize the Laurentian peneplain, as well as poorer soils from 

 the glaciated hills. The white pine, which once formed the rich part 

 of the forest in the larger valleys, is nearly cut out. The whole east- 

 ern portion of the zone and north of a line from Temiskaming, Sha- 

 wenegan, and St. Joachim (a short distance north of Quebec), is the 

 home of spruce and fir, replaced by red and gray (jack) pine where 

 the fire has destroyed the original forest. Towards the Atlantic the 

 commercial timber becomes confined to the valleys. 



North of the 51st degree of latitude the forest becomes more and 

 more stunted and with the 56th parallel timber limit is reached. Below 

 the 51st degree production of pulpwood is particularly good, a yield 

 of 30 cords being sometimes attained. Here the timber limits of im- 

 portance are located, both for sawmill and paper mill purposes. 



With increased prices and increased pulpwood cut the aggregate 

 value of forest products for the province for the year 1915 had reached 

 almost 30 million dollars, a marked increase over former reports. The 

 pulpwood cut in Canada increased by one third, amounting in 1915 

 lo 1,281,214 cords. In another place this figure is increased to 1,405,- 

 835 cords, three times what the cut was in 1908 ; and Quebec furnished 

 ?.bout one half of it, very nearly as much as is being exported to the 

 United States. The author sees in this increased activity "a guarantee 

 that the forest will be exploited more and more economically and more 

 efficiently protected." 



Statistics of the operations in forests under license follow, showing 

 that the government secured $1,736,605 for the year, and that the 

 collections since 1867 amounted to nearly 40 million dollars. 



To complete the picture of Quebec's forest condition, we may add 

 from the second Yearbook, the figures of interest which Mr. Piche 

 furnished. It should, of course, be understood that all such state- 

 ments can only be approximations to the truth, an actual stocktaking 

 having been only partially attended to. 



The total forest area of Quebec is stated as 130,000,000 acres, 6 



