734 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



(2}i inches) high. In some portions of this hog the western hemlock 

 occurs along with the pine. The individuals are mostly small, only oc- 

 casional ones being as large as the largest of the pines. The bog occu- 

 pies nearly the entire width of a portion of a valley extending almost 

 due south from the town of Maltby, Wash. The marginal ditch^'^, so 

 characteristic of sphagnum bogs, is found on the west side. On the 

 east side the marginal ditch has not developed in quite the usual way 

 because of the presence of a stream, which flows south into Graham 

 Lake less than 400 m. (}i mile) from the southern border of the bog. 

 Although this stream has a fairly good current, its rate of flow has not 

 been sufficient to cut a deep channel. The width of the stream is about 

 0.5 m. (1.5 feet) and its depth is about the same. The surface of the 

 water is usually almost even with the surface of the soil, but with slight 

 floods it spreads a good deal, and in the swamp and along it the crab- 

 apple and the black twin-berry {Loniccra involucrata Banks.) are com- 

 mon. There is a large swampy area immediately north of the bog and 

 a much smaller swamp on the south separates it from Graham Lake. 

 These swamps contain no conifers. Hard-hack (Spircca douglasii 

 Hook.) is common on the borders of this bog, as it is of many bogs of 

 the region. 



The growth of western white pine in the Henry bog is quite abun- 

 dant in many places, although there are considerable areas that are en- 

 tirely free from trees. In some portion of the bogs there are almost 

 as many hemlocks as pines and in a few places small cedars are found 

 among them. No Douglas fir has been found, although the forest bor- 

 dering it is largely composed of that species. The species of pine oc- 

 curring here is found among the fir in this forest, but is much less 

 abundant than in the bog. Cedar is also found in this forest. The 

 writer has not found Sitka spruce here, although he found one speci- 

 men of it in the marginal ditch on the west side. Crab-apple, aspen, 

 and hard-hack are common in the broad marginal ditch on the east side 

 of the bog. 



Some of the pines in this bog reach a height of 18 m. (60 feet) and 

 a diameter of 38 cm. (15 inches). A few of the hemlocks are 8 m. 

 (26 feet) high. The smallest seedlings found are of pine. Many of 

 these are only 10 to 20 cm. (4 to 8 inches) high. A good many pines 

 are dead, while others have some dead branches. All of the trees are 

 badly overgrown with lichens. It is evident that a heavy growth of 

 lichens does contribute to death of branches or even of whole trees of 



■ "Cf. Shaw, C. H. : "The development of vegetation in the vicinity of Woods 

 Hole." Bot. Gaz. 33 : 449, 1902. 



