770 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



Red-and-black ants {Formica exsectoides) 



Black ants {Formica fusca var. stibsericea) 



It 



no 

 no 



dying, 

 dying. 



* Disease. f Scolytid work. 



II Cp. pp. 8-9. tt Healing. 

 I Disease doubtful ; gnawing. 

 Jz Possibly more (old). 



X No aphids. ° Cp. p. 6. 



X Gnawing. 

 II Scolytid work doubtful. 



F. fusca var. subsericea 

 dying no dying 



F. exsectoides 

 dying no dying 



52 12 



To sum up : 



1. The phenomenon is associated with anthills. 



2. There are generally involved fungus and Scolytid infestations. 



3. It may be exhibited about hills of both Formica exsectoides Fore! 

 and F. fusca var. subsericea Say. 



4. Hills of both the species of ant may occur among the pines with- 

 out the damage resulting. 



5. It occurs, in both plantations and wild stands. 

 The evidence afforded by these data indicates : 



I. That the trouble is probably due to fungus. 



a. The constricted and apparently diseased area is quite character- 

 istic. Graves considered it diseased. 



