782 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



farm buildings. Extension of offshore markets could not be worked 

 for on account of lack of shipping tonnage. 



The war needs of the mother country, for boxes especially, in 191 5 

 had brought the export figure to 58 million dollars, but in 1916 it had 

 dropped to less than 44 million. To secure preference in the British 

 colonies, such as has brought the African export from 30 per cent in 

 1904 to 88 per cent in 1916, is advocated for the future. 



The timber industry for 191 5 is credited with around 675 million 

 feet of lumber, which by translating minor materials into board feet is 

 increased to nearly one billion feet. In this translation poles and piles 

 are assumed at 5 feet per lineal foot ; railroad ties, 30 feet ; fence posts 

 and mine props as containing 500 feet per piece. 



In value this cut is estimated at 29 million dollars, while the 1916 

 cut, around 1.3 billion feet, is valued at 35.5 million dollars. 



The various leases and licenses under which the cutting on crown 

 lands is done are classified in eight classes. Douglas fir and red cedar, 

 with some hemlock, furnish the bulk of the cut, all other species to- 

 gether amounting to about 25 per cent of the total. 



In the timber sales, some 136 million feet, the stumpage price ran 

 from 39 cents to $1.95 per thousand for the several species, averaging 

 only 96 cents. 



The total revenue from all sources was slightly increased over the 

 previous year, but remained one-third below that of 19 13, amounting 

 to a little over 2 million dollars. 



The expenditure allowed amounted to a little less than $338,000, to 

 which is to be added a forest protection fund of $150,000. Of this, 

 $85,000 was used in investigations and in encouraging of the lumber 

 industry; but the actual administrative expenditures are expected to 

 remain $80,000 below last year's. 



The forest protection fund was organized in 1912, the timber limit 

 owners contributing 1.5 cents per acre and the Government a like 

 amount. For the first two years this was sufficient allowance, but the 

 bad season of 1914 necessitated an additional advance by the Govern- 

 ment of $143,000, which by economies effected in 1915 and 1916 was 

 repaid. 



The detail of expenditures from this fund are tabulated. 



The force of the Forest Branch has been considerably reduced due 

 to war conditions. The permanent staff is reduced from 190 in 1914 

 to 163 in 1916; the temporary force from 558 to 336. The total land 

 area involved being 150 million acres, the ranger districts average now 

 near 5 million acres; the guard districts nearly one million. 



