790 JOURXAL OF FORESTRY 



issues. Recognizing that 1 8-inch girth classes are too large, Osmaston 

 proposes as the simplest method to commence with trees i foot in girth 

 as Class I and then classifying by i-foot girth classes ad infinitum. 

 The author argues the propriety of bringing this change about presently. 



Indian Forester, April, 1917, pp. 183-185. 



UTILIZATION, MARKET, AND TECHNOLOGY 



In reply to a proposal by Adolph Welander in 



Government the November, 1916, issue of Skogsvardsforen- 



Sazvmills ingcns Tidskrift, that the Swedish Government 



could well establish sawmills, at least in southern 



Sweden, Otto Hellstrom argues that such a procedure would be likely 



to have a dangerous effect upon the economical life of Sweden. He 



also argues that the results of any such venture should be definitely 



known before costly experiments are made. Hellstrom attacks We- 



lander's figures showing the possible revenue to be derived from a 



typical mill, and asserts that correct figures would indicate that the mill 



would make a profit of only 1.4 per cent instead of 55 per cent. Fuller 



investigation of the proposition is demanded. 



Skogsvardsfdreningens Tidskrift, March, 1917, pp. 269-274. 



The sulphite cellulose made in Sweden is 

 Sugar largely obtained from spruce wood. Analyses of 



in this wood by Peter Klason, after deducting the 



Waste Sulphite inorganic ash, gave the following results: Cellu- 

 Liquors lose, about 50 per cent ; other carbohydrates, 



about 16 per cent ; lignin, about 30 per cent; pro- 

 tein, about 0.7 per cent ; resin and fats, about 3.3 per cent. 



Klason, in 1893, first established the fact that spruce contained such 

 a large percentage of carbohydrates other than cellulose. Prior to this 

 time only 3 per cent of these were supposed to be found in spruce. 

 Klason called these carbohydrates "lignosans," and supposed that at 

 least a portion of them were combined with the lignin in glucoside-like 

 combinations. With Fagerlund, Klason demonstrated the fact that the 

 greater portion of them, about 10 per cent of the dry weight of the 

 wood, could be extracted from the wood by repeated alternate treat- 

 ments with boiling water and alcohol. As they constitute about 16 per 

 cent of the weight of the wood, it appears to be possible that a portion 

 of them are in chemical combination with the lignin. (Klason recom- 



