PERIODICAL LITERATURE 791 



mends a study of "Die Sulfitablauge und ihre Verarbeitung auf Alko- 

 hol," by Erik Hagglund, from which he quotes at length.) E. Oman, 

 in "Teknisk Tidskrift," 191 5, suggests that a part of the sugar in waste 

 sulphite liquors is derived from hydrolized cellulose. Klason disagrees 

 with this view. 



An analysis of the water-alcohol extract from the wood gave the fol- 

 lowing results : Xylose, 2.5 per cent ; mannose, 0.6 per cent ; galactose, 

 trace. The remainder of the extract could not be definitely identified. 

 Klason states that it had a sweet taste and high refractive index. Test? 

 for sugar in waste sulphite liquors by Fehling's solution or Classman's 

 method give results which are about 5 per cent too high. Similar tests 

 on the lignin-free liquor gave a sugar content of 2.6 per cent, which is 

 evidently too low, as it does not check with the water-alcohol extrac- 

 tion of the dry wood. 



Methods for the determination of mannose, galactose, grape sugar, 

 and arabinose are given in some detail. Klason concludes that waste 

 sulphite liquors from the manufacture of spruce pulp contain the fol- 

 lowing compounds, partly in the form of simple sugars and partly as 

 polysaccharides, calculated on the basis of the dry weight of wood; 

 Grape sugar, 7.9 per cent; mannose, 2.5 per cent; galactose, 1.3 per 

 cent : arabinose, 4.3 per cent. Arabinose is of course not available for 

 the production of alcohol. About 3.8 per cent by weight of the dry 

 wood can be converted into alcohol. 



B. L. G. 



Om Sockerarterna I Avfallsluten fran Tillverkning av Sulfitcellulosa. Skogs^ 

 vardsforeningens Tidskrift, March, 1917, pp. 217-228. 



About 72 per cent of the area of Sweden is. 

 River Driving included in the heavily forested areas ,of Norr- 

 Industry land, Dalarna, and Varmland. This area is tra- 



in versed in a southeasterly direction by a large 



Sweden number of drivable streams, from the Torne 



River in the north to the Klar River in the south. 

 Twelve large rivers drain 80 per cent of the 62 million acres included 

 in the area, while a large number of smaller streams are also drivable. 

 The total length of the drivable streams is more than 18,500 miles. 

 From 1908 to 1912, the latest statistics available, an average of 107,,- 

 697,600 cubic feet of timber was annually floated to the Baltic Sea at 

 an average cost of $0,006 per cubic foot. Seventy per cent of this cost 

 is charged to driving and 30 per cent to sorting. 



Sveriges Flottningsvasende. Skogsvardsforeningens Tidskrift, March,: 1917, 

 pp. 276-294. . . _ 



