874 JOURNAL OF FORKSTRV 



group on each two acres or five on each lO-acre block. Groups should 

 be located as far as practicable on secondary ridges, knolls, and slopes 

 rather than on flats or in the bottoms of draws. This is desirable ( i ) 

 to reserve the most windfirm timber, (2) to leave it in the best position 

 for scattering seed, and (3) to retain groups which will interfere least 

 with logging operations. 



Groups containing mixed species are preferable to those of pure 

 pine, in order to (i) increase safety from windthrow and fire and (2) 

 insure reseeding of the tolerant species together with pine. On each 

 acre two or three seed-bearing trees each of larch and cedar should be 

 left; where such trees are not included in the seed groups individuals 

 should be reserved outside of the groups. Preferably cedar unsuitable 

 for poles should be left, although if only pole trees are available they 

 should be reserved. The larch are left with the idea that they will last 

 over the next rotation as standards. They should therefore be sound, 

 thrifty trees with well-developed crowns. 



In marking, the ground should be laid off roughly in blocks five 

 chains square (23/2 acres) and each block looked over for desirable 

 groups. As a general rule, at least one seed group should be retained 

 on each block and five groups on each four blocks. The trees to be 

 reserved in the selected groups and as scattered individuals should be 

 marked conspicuously. 



Overmature IVhitc-pinc Stands 



These are bottoms and slopes of the '\vhite-pine type" on which the 

 pine timber is mainly overmature, exceeding 180 years in age, and 

 where the original white-pine stand has usually been largely displaced 

 by tolerant species, such as cedar and white fir. The objects and 

 methods of marking will be the same as in mature stands, discussed 

 above, with the following exceptions : 



(i) White pine over 180 years of age will be retained in seed groups 

 only when so defective as to have but little merchantable scale. 



(2) When no white-pine timber under 180 years or very defective 

 trees over that age are present, no white-pine trees will be reserved. If 

 reproduction of this species is not secured from seed stored in the duff, 

 planting will be used if possible. 



(3) Groups of the other species, giving preference to larch, cedar, 

 spruce, and Douglas fir, will be reserved where no pine is available, to 

 insure natural restocking in case planting is not possible or to furnish 

 a filler for w^ide-spaced white-pine plantations. 



