894 JOURNAL OF FORKSTRV 



balsam to b inches d. b. h., while in an East Adirondack job balsam 

 is cut to 8 inches d. b. h. with the proviso that the market permits 

 cutting some tall balsam to 6 inches d. b. h. to avoid windfall. 



(b) Spruce flat. A feasible diameter limit, higher or lower accord- 

 ing to danger of windfall and market conditions is recommended. In 

 practice timber may or may not be marked — a difference of opinion 

 existing on this point. 



The marking should be in accordance with the judgment of the 

 forester in charge of the operation. 



At Ne-Ha-Sa-Ne Park spruce is now being cut to 9 inches d. b. h. ; 

 balsam to 6 inches d. b. h., and helmlock to 10 inches d. b. h. Finch- 

 Pruyn in the east Adirondacks cut spruce to 10 inches d. b. h., "paying 

 special attention to the selection of short, stocky trees to be left and 

 removing the tall, spindly individuals which would blow down." , 



The A. Sherman Lumber Company, in the west Adirondacks, on 

 land which is to be held permanently, cut all softwoods at 12 inches 

 on the stump. 



2. Hardwood land — 



In general, if the softwoods are logged to a diameter limit on hard- 

 wood land, there will be no substantial natural reproduction of the 

 softwoods. Under this plan there remain for a second cut merchant- 

 able spruce and softwoods, which will, however, have little or no 

 increment or reproduction, potentially commercial, unless the hard- 

 woods are cut. 



The management must, therefore, determine whether spruce and 

 other softwoods are to be continued on hardwood land. 



If they are, the result may be secured (i) by the simultaneous re- 

 moval of both softwood and hardwood by selection cutting, which will 

 aim to avoid the effects of complete exposure and to remove overma- 

 ture and defective trees and leave, so far as possible, young, thriftily 

 growing ones. The fixing of a definite diameter limit is of little 

 moment; in general, the endeavor should be to leave sound, windfirm 

 trees in groups or singly, ranging in diameter from the smaller growth 

 up to 16 inches d. b. h. This method will require skillful marking, 

 probably supplemented by artificial reproduction of softwoods. 



(2) Where hardwoods are cut after softwoods have been removed 

 to 10 or 12 inches d. b. h., some softwood reproduction can possibly 

 be secured by the retention of seed trees of those species where favor- 

 ably located in surrounding hardwood groups so that windfall is un- 



