PERIODICAL LITKRATURK 919 



while those to the east of it had almost no damage. The same effect 

 was observed in connection with other forest areas. 



Bin Beitrag ziir Hagelkenntniss. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fiir Forstwesen, 

 July, August, 1917, pp. 220-222. 



SILVICULTURE, PROTECTIOX, AND EXTENSION 



A. Murray calls attention to the importance 

 Plantation of providing windbreaks on the margins of plan- 



Margins tations by choosing appropriate species and treat- 



ing them appropriately for the purpose, for 

 "wind is the worst enemy of trees in Great Britain" and elsewhere. 

 Species with a tendency of preserving branches, and treatment to en- 

 courage such branching, are to be chosen for forming such wind 

 mantles. 



In regard to the choice of species, of course, the shallow-rooted ones 

 are excluded. Beech and sycamore are mentioned, meaning probably 

 by the latter designation sycamore maple; oak for its deep-rooting 

 quality and the ability of other species to thrive under it ; lime, chest- 

 nut, hawthorn, hazel, willows, and silver fir, which all respond well 

 to decapitation, when they will throw out additional branches and form 

 a close hedge. Elder, snowberry, buckthorn, and other bushes may 

 also be used (see Forest Quarterly, III, 301). 



The Scotch pine is also mentioned, perhaps improperly. 



It is generally advisable to plant more openly on the margins and 

 to thin out at the right time to give space for development of side 

 branches, giving up the outer row or rows to the function of protec- 

 tion against wind of the main plantation. Cutting back to secure 

 heavier branching or coppice shoots may also be practised. 



The Importance of Plantation Margins. Transactions of the Scottish Arbori- 

 cultural Society, July, 1917, pp. 156-159- 



MENSURATION, FINANCE, AND MANAGEMENT 



Before the Pittsburgh Forestry Conference, 

 Pennsylvania Dr. Fernow discussed in detail the financial as- 

 State pects of the forest policy of Pennsylvania. Basing 



Forestry his calculations on the 1,000,000 acres of waste 



woodlands which the State has purchased at a 

 cost of $2,250,000, of which 750,000 acres are assumed' to need plant- 

 ing up, he shows that with a 4 per cent interest rate and a rotation of 



