924 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



Those who determined the budget by a normal forest formula had 

 no need of a subdivision in principle, but recognized its usefulness for 

 practical application, in securing the necessary data of stock and in- 

 crement and in making a felling plan, and the foremost advocate of 

 the formula method, C. Heyer, promoted the practice of subdivision 

 by- accentuating the value of permanent character and natural lines, 

 and especially by advising the use of a road system, laid out on the 

 map at least, ahead of all division work. He also introduced the sub- 

 division of the compartment itself according to differences of stand, 

 the unstable features, which are not to remain. 



Die WirtschaftUche Zerlegung einer Betriebsklasse in Abteilungen. Schweize- 

 rische Zeitschrift fiir Forstwesen, July, August, 1917, pp. 189-194. 



STATISTICS AND HISTORY 



During the summer, in spite of war condi- 



Nezv Zealand tions, a Nezv Zealand Forestry League has been 



Forestry formed to stimulate the government to greater 



effort in forest conservation. According to the 



report for 191 5 of the State Nurseries and Plantations, a considerable 



amount of forest planting has been done, and that since 1904, with 



prison labor, some $200,000 having since then been spent in this way, 



and altogether $685,000. During 191 5 around $150,000 was spent on 



plantations, two-thirds of the amount being derived from, timber sales. 



A government nursery furnishes plant material at cost, but as this 



is figured at nearly $10 per thousand, we should expect little use 



of this "free gift." 



The cost of all the State plantations, 27,000 acres, all expenditures 

 included, is figured at over one million dollars, or over $40 per acre, 

 with day-labor w^ages over $4, and now nearly $5. 



As regards exotic species used in planting, the Douglas fir seems 

 to' have the best record, while Sitka spruce is a failure, Scotch pine is 

 attacked by aphis, and European larch, which makes remarkable 

 growth, has lately, in middle age become unhealthy, and is gradually 

 declining under the influence of "mysterious forms of premature de- 

 foliation." 



Quarterly Journal of Forestry, April, 1917, pp. 125-128. 



