NOTES AND COMMENTS 937 



engine improved. The test was conducted by placing the pump 5 feet 

 above the level of the Ottawa River and running 1,500 feet of hose on 

 an 82-foot rise to a point beneath the Sparks Street bridge. With such 

 severe friction as was offered by the length of hose and with the handi- 

 cap of the rise, the engine delivered 20 imperial gallons a minute at the 

 nozzle, throwing a stream that approximated 30 to 40 feet. The engine 

 and pump weigh 132 pounds and are being adopted in considerable 

 numbers by the Ontario forest service and by private associations in 

 Quebec. — Canadian Forestry Journal, May, iQi?- 



Water alforjas have been used in the fire-protection work of the 

 Forest Service successfully last season on the National Forests in 

 Utah, and will be used this season in Oregon and Washington. They 

 consist of a pair of water-proof panniers, or saddle-bags, holding about 

 21 gallons of water, and are transported on horseback. Any ordinary 

 pack-saddle, or in emergencies a riding saddle, may be used. 



Alforjas have been very useful in putting out glowing embers, ex- 

 tinguishing fire in down timber, applying water directly to small fires, 

 and putting out burning snags. They are also convenient for supply- 

 ing drinking water to fire crews. A hand-pump is used with the alfor- 

 jas, which throws a stream about 30 feet. 



The water is taken from the top of the alforjas to prevent leakage 

 and from both sides at once, thus keeping the load properly balanced 

 on the pack-horse. 



A convenient utensil outfit for a two-man emergency party in fire 

 patrol work has been devised by W. B. Osborne, in charge of the look- 

 out stations of the U. S. Forest Service in the Portland district. This 

 outfit has been planned to be used in connection with an emergency 

 ration, the entire pack being ready to be picked up at a moment's notice. 

 The utensils include a frying pan, three other pans, and two sets of 

 knives, forks, spoons, and cups, and nest closely together, the total 

 dimensions being 8 by $% by 4}4 inches. This equipment will fill a 

 long-needed want. 



A new scheme in forest protection from fire is now being worked 

 out by the Maine Forestry Department by making panoramic maps of 

 each of the fire lookout stations' area, showing all the configurations 

 of the land, hills, levels, woods and cleared lands, buildings, landmarks, 

 streams, lakes, and rivers. Such a map will lend itself to more ready 



