jO Feb., 1912.] Orchard and Garden Notes. 131 



Spraying. 



Another spraying for codlin moth will probably be required for the 

 later varieties of apples and pears. The coolness of the pre.sent summer 

 has not been favorable tO' the rapid de\-elopment of this pest, and it has not 

 been so prevalent during this .season. 



A spray with nicotine solution or with a resin wash may now be given 

 for either woollv aphis or bryobia mite, but only after the crop has been 

 gathered. If these pests are not very prevalent, the spraying may be left 

 until winter, when a good red oil emulsion, or a lime-sulphur spray may 

 be given. 



Fumigation. 



Citrus and other evergreen trees that are attacked by scale insects 

 should be freed from the scale at this time. Although spraying with such 

 mixtures as resin compound, crude petroleum emulsion, and lime-sulphur 

 emulsion, will do good work in keeping scale insects in check, the only 

 effective means of complete eradication is by fumigation. The trees 

 are enclosed in a tent that will prevent the escape of any gas through its 

 texture. The gas is generated inside the tent, and the tent is kept over the 

 tree for a period of from half to three-quarters of an hour. The best 

 remedy is hydrocyanic acid gas, which is generated by placing cyanide of 

 potassium in a mixture of sulphuric acid and water. As both the cyanide 

 and the gas are deadlv poisons, every care should be exercised in using 

 them. The operator must take care that not the slightest portion of the 

 fumes is breathed. Fumigation should be carried out at nighttime, or on 

 a cloudy day, and the foliage of the trees must be thoroughly dry. 



Young Trees. 



Young trees of the citrus family should now be making a good thrifty 

 growth. The foliage should be glossv, and the general appearance should 

 be a healthy one. Occasional light waterings, as well as a mulching of 

 grass or of well rotted manure will be helpful to the trees. 



Young deciduous fruit trees will also benefit by having a manure mulch ; 

 and. if it has not been previouslv done, unnecessary growths in the centre 

 of the tree should be removed. 



Budding. 

 It is now a suitable time to carry out any required budding work. In 

 budding, it is necessary that the bark .shall run or open freely ; and, to do 

 this, the tree must have a good sap flow at the time of performing the 

 operation. If such does not occur, the trees to be worked, or the stocks, 

 should be given a good watering, and the budding deferred for a day or 

 two. Full instructions for budding were given in Mr. Cole's articles on 

 the Propagation of Fruit Trees in the September and October. 19 11, 

 Journals. 



Cultivation and General Work. 



Guava trees have just finished flowering, and a good watering will be 

 of benefit to them. Persimmon and loquat trees may also be watered to 

 their advantage. 



The soil should be kept loose and well worked between the trees, espe- 

 cially if the weather be at all hot. The surface must also be well worked 

 after every irrigation. 



