^lo March, 1912.] T'/z/r Diseases in France. 173 



-should be stripped with the thumb and finger when the shoots upon the 

 stems have just started growth. Perform this operation by taking hold 

 -of the top of the stock with the one hand and with the other start three 

 parts of the way up the stock, stripping down to the ground. Remove 

 all shoots and leaves. 



With planted-out peach stocks, treated the same as Fig. 28, all shoot« 

 •excepting one should be removed. This is left to trim and bud upon. 

 When removing any shoots upon the stocks below ground level, do not 

 'break them off. First remove the soil, and then lub or cut off close to 

 the stock. 



Following the stripping treatment it will be necessary to keep all 

 shoots rubbed off upon the stems, and the head growths reduced to a few 

 branches. 



Apples, cherries, pears, and plum stocks should be trimmed to carry 

 not more than three branched growths. When trimming stocks, do not 

 rub off any shoots that are hard or are getting hard, as there is a risk 

 •of tearing the bark. Remove with a knife, cutting close to the stem. 



'Cut all shoots close to, not \ in. or \ in. from, the stem. 



The stocks should be kept well cultivated in order to conserve the 



rmoisture in the soil. If irrigation is possible, keep the stocks growing. 

 Do not allow them to get a check. Pear stocks should be kept growing 

 well from the beginning, as they will be the first of the deciduous fruits 



"to be budded. If they have not made suitable growth by January, there 

 is very little likelihood of them being suitable for budding the same 

 summer. 



If the weather is dry it is an advantage to water all stocks, if pos- 



tsible, a few days before budding. If the budded stocks are allowed to 

 suffer from the want of moisture before the autumn, there is always a risk 



•of the buds dying out. even if unity with the stock is perfect. 



(To be co?itinucd.) 



VINE DISEASES IN FRANCE. 



{Co7itinued from fage 119.) 



F . de Castella. Goverutneiit Viiiculturist. 



FUNGICIDE SPRAYS. 



OXYCHLORIDE OF COPPER. 



The introduction of this novel fungicide is due to Professor Chuard, 

 •of Lausanne University (Switzerland), who was anxious to find some spray- 

 ing substance capable of permitting a reduction in the quantity of copper 

 annually absorbed by the soil.* The use of verdet already permits a 



* Analysis shows that as the result of twenty years' use of copper sprays, the surface foot of soil in the 



xineyards of the Lausanne "Station Vitioole " contained 35 niilligrraninies per kiloiiraranie (3'o parts per 



10U,C00). This was rather more than half of the total quantity sprayed. In some other vineyards hi^'her 



■ j|uantities were foiuid ; in one case as much as 112 niilligranunes (li'2 parts per lOfi.OOu).— Co>n7>tes rendut 



de I'academie des Sciences, Paris, 29th March, 1910. 



