Journal of Agriculture, Viciona. [:o April, 1912. 



Besides the two proteins already described, namely, gliadin and. 

 glutenin, three others have been isolated and described. These are — 



(i) Leucosin. — A protein soluble in water, coagulating at 50-60 degrees, 

 and similar to albumin. 



(2) Globulin. — A protein soluble in a dilute salt solution and coagulated 

 by heat. 



(3) Proteose, which is soluble in water and not coagulated by heat. 



It will be necessary at a later stage, when reviewing the milling 

 qualities of various wheats, the effect of environment on the composition 

 and properties of the kernel, the f;tctors underlying strength in wheat and 

 flour, and in discussing the possibility of improving the quality of our 

 wheats, to consider in greater detail the elementary notions outlined above 



{To be continued}) 



PROPAGATION OF FRUIT TREES. 



{C oniinued from page 173.) 

 C. F . Cole, Orchard Supervisor. 



Lifting. 



When lifting young trees from, the nur.sery rows for sale or planting 

 out care should be exercised to see that the branches are not broken ox 

 injured, also that the roots are not mutilated. If a branch upon a tree 

 carrying well balanced head growths is broken it will probably give diffi- 

 culty when pruning to reform such head conditions, particularly if the 

 tree be carrying only two or three branch growths and has no suitable 

 buds upon the stem to head back to. The method of removing the soil 

 to enable the trees to be lifted will be controlled bv the class of soil, the 

 roots, and the kind of tree to be lifted. Very often, in light or sandy 

 soils, and after a heavy rain, all that is necessary, with kinds that are 

 chiefly surface-rooting, is to force the spade well down upon each side or 

 around the trees to be removed, keeping the spade a suitable distance 

 off so that the roots will not be cut or injured close to the butts. Then 

 by taking hold of the tree by the butt, below the bud mark, with one hand 

 gently pulling whilst forcing the spade upwards beneath the tree with thf 

 other, it will be removed without injury. In heavy, deep rooting, or 

 soils having a stiff clay sub- soil, it will be necessary to open out well 

 upon each side, keeping well away from the butts. When doing this the 

 spade should be used side on to the trees, the opening being parallel with 

 the row. After removing the soil the required depth upon either side 

 the spade may be used flat on, so that the operator may be enabled to 

 get well beneath to cut any small tap roots. If two persons are working 

 together one should take hold of the tree by the butt whilst the other 

 forces the spade well beneath, using it as a lever by pressing the handle 

 upwards towards the trees at the same time that the other person is pulling. 

 The handle should not be pressed downwards or away from the trees j by 

 so doing there is a risk that the blade, when forced upwards, will scrape 

 the bark upon the roots, or else break them close to their basal parts. 



