348 Journal of Agriculture. Vicforia. [10 June, 1912.. 



autumn growths start. Citrus and deciduous fruit trees standing in the 

 nursery row during the winter months may be sprayed with red oil or crude 

 petroleum oil emulsion, but great care should be taken to see that the 

 emulsion is properly made, otherwise injury will be done to the trees. 

 Strength, red oil, i in 40 ; crude petroleum oil, i in 30. 



Greater Vine Scale (Lecaiiium Berbcridis) — This large brown-coloured 

 scale insect does not confine its attack to the vine, but is to be found 

 severely attacking many kinds of our fruiting trees, chiefly the apricot, 

 cherry plum, Japanese plums, mulberry, and persimmon, also many of 

 our ornamental trees, shrubs, and creepers. Owing to its size is easy to 

 detect, and attacks the bark of the branches and twigs. Spreads rapidly, 

 but is the easiest of all the scale insects to destroy. Treatment. — Spray 

 the vines or fruit trees if attacked during the vegetative period with kero- 

 sene emulsion. Strength, i in 10 or 12, giving several applications, if 

 necessary. When the trees or vines are dormant in the winter, spray with 

 red oil or crude petroleum oil emulsion. Strength, red oil, i in 40 ; crude 

 petroleum, i in 30. 



Red Orange Scale (Aspidiotus Coccincus). — Scale in.sects belonging to 

 the genus Aspidiotus are probably the hardest of all scale insects to eradi- 

 cate by spraying, fumigation by hydrocyanic acid gas is the most effective 

 treatment where it is possible to carry it out. Although a small scale, it is 

 easy to detect owing to its colour^^and attacks the bark, fruit, and foliage. 

 When badly attacked, the foliage becomes sickly and yellowish in colour, 

 the twigs and young growth die. If this pest should make its appearance 

 upon the citrus trees in the nursery row, immediate steps should- be taken to 

 thoroughly eradicate it. By exercising a little care when and where select- 

 ing the buds and grafts, a nursery should be kept free from this pest. 

 Treatment. — Spray thoroughly and often with resin wash until eradicated. 

 If the scale is very bad, give one or two sprayings with red oil or crude 

 petroleum oil emulsion during the winter months, or in January and Feb- 

 ruary, continuing later on, if necessary, with the resin wash. Strength, 

 red oil, i in 45 ; criide petroleum, i in 35. 



Black Flat Scale (Aspidtctus Rossi). — A \ery common scale. Attacks 

 hard foliaged evergreen trees, &c. Once it is firmly established is hard to 

 eradicate. From its shape and colour, it is readily detected upon the 

 foliage, hence its name. In a nursery producing fruiting trees, this scale 

 is not likely to- give serious trouble; to the writer's knowledge, the only 

 species of fruit attacked belonged to the citrus family, viz., pomelo or 

 grape fruit, the bitter-sweet and Seville variety. Treatment. — The same 

 as Red Orange Scale. 



Wax Scale (Ceroplastes Ceriferus). — This scale is easy to detect by its 

 re.semblance to small pieces of white wax, and sticks close to the bark 

 up>n the boughs and twigs. The wax substance is secreted by the insects 

 to protect and cover the body. Because of the waxy covering, the pest is 

 difficult to destroy. This scale readily attacks the citrus family. Treat- 

 ment. — Spray with i^ lbs. of washing soda dissolved in 2 gallons of water, 

 or resin wash when the scale insects are young. Apply using high pressure. 



San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus Perniciosus). — This scale is one of the 

 most difficult species to detect, owing to its small size and the closeness 

 with which it sticks to the bark. To the propagator of deciduous fruiting 

 trees this scale insect is to be feared most. Once it becomes established, it 

 is hard to dislodge. The writer's observations are that when full grown 

 this scale varies somewhat in colour. Where found attacking the plum and 

 walnut, it is lighter, resembling more the colour of the bark than when 



