lo July. 191--] I'ropui^a/ioii of h'ruil Trees. 429 



emulsion ; strength, red (jil. i in 30. rrude petroleum, i in 25. applying the 

 final application just before the l)uds start growth in early spring. 



The following directions will enable growers to prepare the insect 

 washes which have been recommended : — 



Red Oil and Crude Petroleum Oil Emuhiou. — Slice and boil i lb. of 

 Lotus soap in i gallon of watrr until dissolved, remove from fire, add i 

 gallon of oil, stir, and replace on the fire until it comes to the boil. Re- 

 move from fire again, and work up thoroughly with a hand syringe or force 

 pump until thoroughlv enuilsified. and no signs of loo.se oil appear on 

 the surface. To- test whether the emulsion is properly made, take a small 

 quantitv of the emulsion and add to it five times the quantity of cold 

 water ; if properly emulsifiei], the effect will be similar to pouring milk into' 

 tea, if otherwise, the oil will separate and float on the surface. Soft or 

 any other hard soap may be used in making an emulsion. Lotus soap is 

 cheap, and contains a lot of soda, which assists emulsifying. A properly 

 made and diluted emulsion mav be kept some time before using, but it is 

 always better to apply when freshly diluted. When diluting, take i part 

 of the emulsion and add the required quantity of cold water, e.g., i pint 

 emulsion to 20 pints of water. 



Kerosene Emulsion. — This is made in the same manner as red oil or 

 crude petroleum oil emulsion, except that it is not rejilaced on the fire after 

 the oil is added. If diluting with cold water, agitate well with a syringe 

 or force pump while gradual! v ailding the first of the water. If the 

 standard or undiluted oil emulsion is allowed to get cold, boil and work 

 it up again before diluting. 



Resin Wash (No. 1). — Pulverised resin 2 lbs., washing soda 2 lbs., soft 

 soap I lb. Boil i or 2 gallons of water and add the soda ; when dissolved 

 add graduallv the resin, stirring and boiling until dissohed. Add soft 

 soap when dissolved ; make up to 10 gallons. 



Resin Wash (No. 2). — Pulverised resin 16 lbs., caustic soda 8 lbs., fish 

 oil 3 pints (raw linseed oil mav be used as a substitute). Boil the caustic 

 soda in 10 gallons of water, then add gradually the resin, stirring and 

 boiling until dissolved. Add the oil, and keep boiling for another ten 

 minutes ; then make up to 100 gallons. Warm water is only to be used. 

 After using resin wa.sh, all vessels used in mixing, including the spray 

 pump and nozzle, should l>e thoroughly washed out with boiling water, 

 otherwise the resin will clog the nozzle, &c., when dry. 



Soft Soap and Tobacco. — Boil 1 lb. of soft .soap in i gallon of tobacco 

 water; when dissolved make tip to 10 gallons with tobacco water; soak 

 tobacco in cold water and let it infuse; use at the strength of strong tea, 

 and strain before adding to soap water. 



Arsenate of Lead. — Dissolve 11 ozs. acetate of lead in half a gallon 

 of water. In another ves.sel dissolve 4 ozs. arsenate of soda in half a 

 gallon of water. Pour the soda solution into the lead solution, stir, and 

 add from 40 to 50 gallons of water. Hot water dissolves these chemicals 

 more rapidly and completely than cold water. Wooden pails should be 

 used. This wash has a distinct advantage over all other arsenical prepara- 

 tions. It is practically harmless to foliage, remains longer in suspension, 

 and is more adhesive. The process of manufacture is simple enough, but 

 as there is often a difficulty in getting chemicals of proper purity, it is 

 possible that the grower ma\- prefer some of the leading brands of arsenate 

 of lead now on the market in paste frirm. 



To be continued. 



