22 INTKOnilCTION 



tliciii. SiiiiK' of these have been incorporated in I'latr I. wliidi is most useful, as 

 it had heen found that the tryi)anosoiue platu in mir Tliird Keport had, through soiue 

 misunderstanding, not been drawn correctly to scalu, and lience gave a wrong impression 

 of the size of the different parasites. As has been explained, Captain Fry's illness 

 prevented him doing as much as could have been desired, but his preliminary work 

 will be found detailed, and fresh light has been thrown on the subject by some 

 observations of Mr. Buclianan, who, in our most common species of trypanosome, has 

 discovered an endoglobular stage in the life history resembling that described by Ghagas 

 for Endotri/panum ci-uzi.^ To liim also are due tlu; few details forthcoming as regards 

 cultivation. The work has been hampered by the lack of strains. It is not difficult 

 to get the camel and the common horse trypanosome, but it is not easy to secure 

 strains of the cattle parasite {T. nanuvi) or of T. rirn.r (raznlhoui) and other forms 

 which may exist. As, however. Captain Archibald is proceeding tu tlic Lado District 

 witli the floating laboratory in connection witli sleejiing sickness work, it is hoped 

 to secure some of the less well-known strains which urgently I'equiru working out. 

 Work of the A glaucc at the contents of Volume A will show that Captain Archibald certainly cannot 

 and his Staff ^^ accused of lack of diligence, ami when it is reiiieniliereil that the chief burden of 

 the routine work has fallen on his capable shoulders, it will be apparent that his time 

 has been fully occupied. Usefully so, also, one may say. He has discovered the 

 existence of human botryomycosis in the Sudan, the presence of a special fever due to 

 a specific microbe, the occurrence of acid-fast bacilli like 1>. tuberculosis in tlie lungs of 

 camels, a form of cutaneous leishmaniosis not hitherto found in the Sudan, and, in 

 addition, has undertaken a laborious piece of work on the bacteriological examination 

 of water with a view to comparing conditions in the Sudan with those at which 

 Clemesha and his assistants have worked so assiduously in India. Nor is this all, for 

 during my absence on leave he had charge both of the laboratories and of the public 

 health work for the town, and from the sanitary standpoint has tested the value of 

 the Egyptian zeer as a water filter. 



My own work has been very varied, and I could have wished that it had been 

 more thorough, but one's time is so taken up with administrative and clerical work that 

 it is hard to obtain what may be called consecutive leisure. Still, the increase in the 

 Staff has relieved one from a good deal of the routine examinations and has made 

 Work on fowl some research possible. The work on fowl spirochsetosis, a puzzling problem, has been 

 spiroc aetosis (.yujijjumj ^yitjj some success iu certain directions, more especially as regards the 

 changes undergone by spirocha;tes ingested by the ticks which serve as vectors. The 

 results confirm those obtained by Leishniau in human tick fever, and indicate how 

 important is the study of comparative pathology in the Tropics. Moreover, recent 

 observations by special methods have, I believe, settled the question of the life-cycle 

 of the parasites, both in the fowl and in the tick, and at the same time have 

 demonstrated the important role played by the "infective granule" in this spiroch;etosis. 

 These results may yet be found to have an important bearing on African Tick Fever 

 and on other spirochtetal infections of man. 



An incomplete research on the spirochtete of Egyptian relapsing fever went some way 

 to show that we were dealing with the newly-found .S/>. hn-bira of Algeria and to indicate 



' Chagns, C. (August, 1909), " Uber eiae uoue Trypanosomiasis dcs Menscheii." .lA-«i. Inalil. Oximjilo 

 Vraz. T. 1. £. 2. 



