Additional 

 contributions 



INTRODUCTION 23 



that the human spirochtctosis of North Africa is due to this prutozuou wliich, in all 

 probability, is a specific entity. 



It has seemed worth while to compile a paper on the fallacies and jnizzles met with 

 ill bluod examinations in the Tropics and elsewhere, and also again to deal with the 

 broader aspects of sanitary work. A popular, rather than a scientific, paper gives some 

 idea of the life of the sanitary inspector in Khartoum, and was originally written as an 

 address to sanitary inspectors in England. Under Sanitary Notes the whole question of 

 the water-supply of Khartoum forms an interesting and I hope instructive paper, and 

 shows how necessary it is for all departments to work harmoniously together for the 

 welfare of the public health. Of the papers on Sudan skin lesions, the first is the most 

 important, for the peculiar non-ulcerating form of so-called " Oriental Sore " had hitherto 

 escaped attention and formed a good subject of study, though here again the work was 

 curtailed for lack of time and material. As an introduction to Captain Archibald's paper, 

 one has inserted some notes on fevers in the Sudan, more for the purpose of drawing 

 attention to how little we know about them than giving any full description of them, 

 which, indeed, with our present knowledge is impossible. Diphtheria, however, receives 

 a special article to itself, as I believe a curious coccal form of the diphtheria bacillus has 

 been met with in the Sudan. I have ventured to present a paper entitled Veterinary 

 Notes, for a great deal of our work here is concerned with diseases of animals, and, in the 

 absence of any expert on veterinary laboratory work, these few lines may help the Sudan 

 veterinary officers and, along with the Review Supplement, be some return for the many 

 kindnesses they have shown the laboratories. More especially would one mention in 

 this connection Captain F. U. Carr, the Director of the Veterinary Department, and 

 Captain G. P. Knott, A.V.C. The latter takes a very keen interest in the work ami 

 rarely returns from tours of inspection without submitting material for examination 

 and presenting specimens for exhibition. One may record the fact that Theiler's 

 Anaplasmosis of South African cattle has been found in donkeys in the Sudan, and is 

 here described. 



The other papers scarcely call for notice except, perhaps, that on the discovery of 

 X bodies in human blood. For several reasons the work on this curious and rare condition 

 could not be carried to a finish, and indeed this is one of the chief difficulties of 

 research in a country like the Sudan. We need days double their present length, we 

 require more facilities for seeing cases, though, so far as the Military Hospital in Need for help 

 Khartoum goes, these are most generously aiforded, we want more help and more money Material 

 and more opportunities for instructing native medical officers so that they can send in 

 material for examination in a proper manner and thus, in certain blood collections, 

 minimise the risks of bacterial impurity. Still, things are improving, and the recent 

 issue of regulations by the Sudan Medical Department, with full instructions as to the 

 preparation and forwarding of material for laboratory examination, marks an important 

 step in advance. 



Lastly, as regards Volume A, one must mention Dr. E. V. Crispin, Major 

 S. O'Grady, R.A.M.C, and Captain Douglas Thomson, RA.M.C, as kind contributors of 

 clinical notes ; while Major F. F. Carroll, Major H. Ensor, D.S.O., and Captains 

 W. Byam, A. G. Cummins, C. M. Drew, E. J. C. Thompson and W. H. S. Burney, 

 R.A.M.C. (attached to the Egyptian Army), together with Mulazim Awal Iskander 

 Eft'. Sarkis, E.M.C., have been at pains to furnish us with records of cases. So also. 



