SPIEOCH.ETOSIS OF SUDANESE FOWLS 77 



4. Simond, Aubert and Noc' described a fowl spirillosis at Martinique which they 

 believed to be identical with that originally found in Brazil. They say it probably 

 exists in Guadeloupe and French Guiana. 



5. Mezincescu and Calinescu- met with the condition in Roumania where .-1. persicus 

 was common. Ducks and geese were also affected. 



6. Brumpt and Foley-' in 1908 gave a short account of .S'^. ijaUinaruiti in fowls in South 

 Oran. 



7. The former author at a later date' produced a very interesting paper on a fowl 

 spirochetosis in Senegal. He has named the parasite Sp. neveuxi as he found 

 that it could infect fowls which had acquired innnunity to Sp. gallinarum infection 

 and, conversely, fowls inunune to Sp. nereu.vi contracted the Brazilian septicaemia. 



A point of special importance, and one which from personal experience I believe to Immunity of 

 be true, is cited by Brumpt. He finds that while chicks are easily inoculated with ^'^"" ^"'^^ 

 different species of spirochaetes, certain adult birds exhibit a natural innnunity conferred 

 apparently by age. Thus he found one very old fowl (five years) which could neither 

 be inoculated by the bites of Argns ticks nor by inoculation with Sp. nereu.ri. He believes 

 this peculiarity to be shared alike by rats as regards the spirochete of African tick 

 fever (Abyssinian strain). The duck, goose, Java sparrow, sparrow and chaffinch are 

 susceptible to Sp. nereu.vt. He did not experiment with the pigeon. The infection seemed 

 somewhat less virulent than that produced by Sp. marcluiti.vi, but, like the latter, is 

 convej'ed by Argas persicus. 



8. Still later, the same author'' found that the Somaliland infection was due to 

 Sp. mnrchou.vi, or as he calls it Sp. gallt'naruni, and was conveved, like the other, 

 by Argas persicus. 



9. Bouef' encountered a fowl spirillosis in the French Sudan. By inoculation 

 experiments he apparently proved the identity of this Sudanese spirochete with 

 Sp. marchou.v.i, and further found it the same as the Senegal virus wdiieh Brumpt 

 named iS'^. neveu.vi. 



This then would tend to support Galli-Valerio's view. Bouet found my " after phase " " After phase ' 

 bodies in the red cells but would not commit himself to an opinion regarding their nature. [jociies found 



t^ o r, ^^y Bouet 



10. Mohn' found the disease in the German Cameroons, but of more importance is the 

 work of Blaizot. 



11. In 1909, he presented two papers'* * ° dealing with the effects of the Somali 

 virus [Sp. gallinarum) on chicks of from five days to three months old, comparing the 



^ Simond, Aubert and Noc, F. (April 20, 1909), "Sur I'existence de la spirillose des ponies k la 

 Martinitiue." C. 11. Soc. Biol., Vol. 66, p. 714. 



- Mezincescu, D., and Calinescu, J. (1909), "Spirillose des poules et Ariins pirsicus en Rounmnio."' 

 Bull, de la Soc. dc Path. Ej-ot., Vol. 2, p. 292. 



■' Brumpt, E. and Foley (July 18, 1908), "Existence d'une Spirochetose des poules jV Spiroi-liwla (faliinariiiii, 

 R. BL, dans le Sud Oranais. Transmission de (^ette maladie par Arqas persicus." Cnmpf. Henri, dc: Sfanres de, 

 la Soc. de. Biol. Vol. 65, p. 132. 



■* Brumpt, E. (.June 9, 1909), " Sur une nouTelle spirochetose des poules du Senegal produitc par Spirocliaia 

 iieveaxi n. sp." /lull, dc la Soc. de Path. E.eot. Vol. 2, p. 28.5. 



■'• Brumpt, E. (July 17, 1909), " Existence d'une Spirochetose des Poules Spirocholn •i<illiiiiinii,i dans Ics 

 pays Somali." Comfit. Rend, des Stances de la Soc. de Biol. Vol. 67, \r. 174. 



•■■ Bouet, G. (June 9, 1909), "Spirillose des Poules au Soudan Framais."' Bull, de la ,S'oc. dc Path. Ejnt. 

 Vol. 2, p. 288. 



■■ Mohn (1909), " Uber Hiihnerspiroohatoso in Ivamernn." Quoted in Xotizcii aus der Trnp. mui Brief l: des 

 Ins. f. Sch. u. Trop. zu Hanih. Xo. 5. 



" Blaizot, L. (October 23, 1909), " Etudes sur la Spirochetose des Poules produite par Sp. gallinnram (Virus 

 Somali). La maladie chez les poussins 1. Modifications de la virulence du parasite par passages directs." 

 Compt. Rend, des Seances de la Soc. dc Biol. Vol. 67, p. 421. 



■■■ Blaizot, L. (October 30, 1909), loc. cit. Vol. 67, p. 447. 



