84 SPIROCHilTOSIS OF SUDANESE FOWLS 



of frogs throws light ou these inclusions and also incidentally on the "after phase." 

 Certainly the spherical chromatin-staining bodies, which he describes and figures as the 

 first stage in the intra-corpuscular life of a trypanosome, closely resemble one form of 

 cytanioeba and recall very forcibly the bodies in fowl spirochjetosis. 



Some analogy may also be traced in the results obtained from the examination of 

 infected ticks (A. persicnt) presently to be described. As previously noted, the bodies 

 appear to break up into granules which are discharged from the host cells, and certainly 

 these granules recall those found in such abundance in ticks fed un spirochsetal blood and 

 first described by Leishiuau in Oniithodoros mouhata. 



Other somewhat similar conditions may perhaps be found in the changes undergone 

 by the nuclei of trypanosomes in the spleen and possibly in other of the internal 

 organs. The parasites break down and their nuclei disiiitegi-ate into small chromatin 

 granules. It is probably from these that the small forms (merozoites ?) which invade 

 the red cells in the case of >>cliizotrypau<iiii cruzl and T. hrucei {f/ecaudi'i) of the Sudan 

 (Buchanan) are derived (ride pa'je 60). 



Again, a recent paper by Gonder' on the life-cycle of Theileria pari-a shows, so far 

 as I can follow him, the important part played by the nuclei of the gamonts. These 

 nuclei, however, jjossess distinct karyosomes, while some are even credited with 

 jjossessing second nuclei of the nature of blepharoplasts, so that they appear to be more 

 organised than the spirochx-tal granules. I believe, however, as I stated at the 

 Meeting of the British Medical Association in 1910, that in many protozoal infections 

 the infective " granule "' will be found to play an important role and to explain 

 conditions which are at present puzzling or obscure. Meyer- has reached conclusions 

 very similar to those of Gonder. 



SuflScient has been said, both in this paper and in that on Blood Examination (/"i;/'- IH), 

 to show that the whole question of red cell inclusions is, with our present knowledge, 

 one of exceptional difficulty. In studying the morphology of these " after phase " bodies 

 I have frequently been puzzled, especially when examining the fresh blood, to account 

 for some of the curious conditions encountered. In the paper to the Journal of Tropical 

 Medicine attd Uygieue to which reference has already been made (jpaye 7H), I described 

 certain features which I believed were presented by these bodies in the fresh blood of 

 chicks, and which, though I am now doubtful if the forms on which the observations 

 Tbe-a/ter were mad$; were in reality the bodies of the "after phase," 1 find it hard to explain 

 phase bodies -^^ ^^^. satisfactory manner. These features were motility and a definite appearance 

 which suggested either a granular structure of the bodies or was evidence that they were 

 jjossibly coiled-up spirochetes. 



I may very briefly quote from the former pa|)er as regards these two conditions 

 without giving the illustrative details there recorded. 



" The spherical, intra-corpuscular bodies in afi'ected chicks are frequently actively 

 motile, circling in one or other direction round the nucleus of the red blood corpuscle. 

 If the corpuscular infection is multiple the bodies may pass each other, may unite or 

 at least lie in close apposition to one another, and, in some cases, may apparently fuse, 

 though it is difiBcuh to speak with certainty as regards this last point. 



"The spherical, intra-corpuscular bodies in affected chicks may, whether themselves 

 actively motile or not, exhibit each at its centre what looks like a tiny motile filament 



' Gonder. R .rva: the Cause of East Coast Fever in 



Cattle in Sonth .\ (i». Vol. XXIII. Pan -1. 



' " I'-'ll;. ii--\xi\x^'- ^ur Uuau^c uua Bedentoue der Kt-chscheu Plasmakn^lii 



in der : i^n KOstcsofiebers." Vent, fir Bnkt. Orig. Vol. LVII. Part 5. 



