ICK) SllKOCH.ETOSIS OF SlUASKSE FOWLS 



Fthniarij 15. As l>y tiiw ((ate no marked chauge had oiviirrfd tliu f<iwl was fhlortpfornied. Weight -4ii4 

 gmmiucs. Post morteiu iiuthiiig siK-oial was found. Kiliiis of liver, spleen and lung juice examined i>y the 

 dark-Keld method but no spirochii'tes found. None found in stained smears. 



Levaditi sections showed some granules iu the liver, (xfurring chielly in groups and in the cjipillaries 

 hut they were luit a marked feature. The lung and s])lcen exhibited a somewhat similar ap|)eaniiiee. 

 In the latter black grannies were numerous though I do not think they were derived from lirokcn down 

 spinK-hietes. It is not easy to differentiate granular conditions met with in sections stained by the 

 unmtiditied Levaditi method. No spirocha^tcs were found. 



Jiiniiiirii "io, I'Jll. Small ehick. wcighiug 80 grammes only, showed on this date the first signs of a 

 spinx:hictal iuteetiou following a lalionitory iuo<Milatiou. A very few spiroehtetcs present iu each film of 

 Iioriphcnil blood. Given alraut •OWJ.i gramme "606" a.s in former case. 



Jnniuirii 26. Blood free from spirochajtcs. Those iu the blood had lieeri driven out of it while increase 

 of the infection h.id been checked. The bird, however, did not look very well, its feittbers being ruffled 

 and its wings drooping. 



.liiHimrij 27. Found dying. No spiroehaetes were found iu blood from tlie heart and lungs. Desith 

 may have beeu due to their sudden destructiou or the lethal action of the drug on the chick itself or to 

 the effects of a sudden drop in the temperature of the laliiPRitory. 



Liver, spleen and lungs examined by the Levaditi methotl. 



In all the sections, l)ut more es]x;cially in the liver, there was found a remarkable apixjanmce of 

 gmnulcs closely resembling those fouud iu ticks though, of course, they had not a chromatin colour. They 

 occurred scattered all through the ti.ssues and were evidently not stain dejxjsit. 



In order to compare these granules with those found iu ticks I stained a jwrtion of the ^lalpighiau 

 tulxjs of a female .Injus jirrxinis, heavily infected, by the Levaditi method and fouud the appearance 

 presented precisely similar to that shown by the chick's liver sections. There can therefore, I think, be little doubt 

 as regards the spirochx'tal origin of the granules in the latter, and any considenition of their l)cing due to 

 stain deposit or to the jwculiar granular condition sometimes found in a))]>!ireutly nornuil tissues can, I think, 

 l)e excluded. (Further work in many other cases has amply confirmed this view. The granules fouud are 

 Hudoul)tedly derived from spirochietes.) 



Fcbruitrii 20. Fowl. Weight = 741 grammes. 



Fair spirochtete infection. Small tangles in the blood. Given 0025 gramme '" 606 " iu oil subeutAucously. 

 .\ blood film taken 5J hours afterwards showed a great diminution in the numljer of spirochietes. Only a 

 few were found after a long search. 



FrhriKini 21. Bird fouud dying about 7 a.m. No spirocha;tes in the jieriphcral blood. Died at 8 a.m. 

 Smear from liver, spleen and lung showed neither spirwhajtes nor granules, liut some suggestive looking 

 granules were seeu in liver and spleen juice examined by the dark-field method. It is, however, impossible 

 to distinguish the numerous particles which are seen iu such preparations. 



Liver sei:tions prepared by the Levaditi method showed granules like those in the small chick which 

 died .January 27. In the spleen there were degenerated or necrotic areas which also showed granules though 

 these may uot have been of the sjime nature as those iu the liver. Lung sections showed nothing definite. 

 There were no spiroehaetes. 



Februtiri/ 'i'3. Chick. Weight = 62 grammes. Fair spirochEete infection. Given 0002 gramme " 606." The 

 infection had a severe effect, the bird rapidly becoming ill with <|uickened respirations, drooping head, closed 

 eyes and ruffled feathers. Was this due to sudden lil)cr!ttiou of toxines ? Si.x hours after the injection a 

 few spirochetes were still present in a blood film made from a wing vein. 



Fibniiiiii 24. Found dead, liut not yet stiff, in the morning. No spirochajtes in heart's blood nor iu 

 liver, luug and spleeu smears. No granules or corpuscular inclusions seen. Levaditi-Yamamato sections of 

 the internal organs, however, showed the usual general granular condition. In the lung sections there also 

 appeared to be fragments of spiroch;etes or of periplastic sheaths.' 



The next case is of considerable interest. 



Fflni'irii 23. A fowl which had been brought in from the market exhibiting only Ixidies was fouud on 

 this date to he harlxjuring spirocha-tes as well iu its blood. It weighed 6.'W grammes and was given 002 gramme 

 of " 606 " subcutaneously. 



Fr.hninty 24. No 6piro<.'haetes found in peripheral blood. A distinct diminution in the number of bodies 

 but little, if any, change in those present. 



Frhrwxni 25. No spiro<.-haBtes. Bodies much the same (iiveu 00.3 grammes "'606." 



Ftbnutnj 26. No spiroehtetes. Increase in the number of bodies and increase in the size of some of 

 them. Bird fairly well, but weak in the legs. 



Fcbrunnt 27. As above. 



Frhnuinj 28. "Spore" forms present to-day. Al-so multiple infection. Some early granule forms also seen. 



.\fnrch 1. More early granule forms to-day. Not many "spore" forms. Multiple infection still jwrsists. 



ilitrch 2. Increase in numlx;r of )x>dics. It would seem as though the snuill granule forms have taken on 

 the ring shape and that the previous ring forms have increased in size and arc approaching the schizogony 

 stage. 



March 3. More large " spore " forms to-day. Some with " exit gaps." Small ring forms also present. 



March 4. No change noted from yesterday. 



Mnrch 5. Found dead. Heart's blood as above. No spirochcctes found iu liver juice by the dark-field 

 method. 



An examination of sections of liver, spleen and lung stained by the Levaditi method shows throughout a 

 fine granulation which suggests a spirochaital origin. No spiroehtetes found. 



' In a later very interesting c.ise, not only w.is a typicsil granule infection present, but in liver sections 

 spirocluetcs, or rather spirochaetal sheaths, could be seen with similar black granules in them. 



