IOC 



Sl'IKOCHJITOSlS OF SdnANESK KOWLS 



The Sudan 

 spirochete a 

 specific entity 



(1) A mini' cxtoniled study of liver, spleen aiul hiii^' blood by the diirk-lield method in 



cases at and foUowinf^ the crisis, to sec if tlic entry of grannies into red cells can 



be confirmed.' 

 (ii) An cft'ort is beinj; made, by using tlie dark-lield method, to discover wliat becomes 



of the tiny nierozoites set free from the red cells, 

 (iii) In the same way observations will be conducted on spirochiutes ingested by ticks 



to see if they participate in granule discharge.- Tlie development of the Leishman 



granules in ticks is being studied by the dark-field method. So far it would seem 



tiiat a meal of blood hastens the change into spirocluetal forms, 

 (iv) The changes, if any, undergone by iiitra-cor])nscnliir liodies ingested by ticks will be 



studied in a similar manner. ' 

 (v) The infectivity of the peripheral Ijlood, and jiossibly also thiit of I In- lilooil of the 



internal organs of birds treated by " 606." will be determintHl. 

 fvi) [t may \h; worth while to obtain blister serum from infected fowls efliciently treated 



by "606" and test its value as a curative or protective agent in the same way as 



has been done in yaws, 

 (vii) The protective action of " 606 " will be tested by injecting it simultaneously with the 



virus. 



SuMM.\Rv .\ND Conclusions 



Further work on the spirochsetosis of fowls in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, while 

 confirming certain earlier observations and conclusions, has led to a modification of some 

 of the previous views. The new features ascertained and conclusions reached may be 

 tabulated as follows : — 



1. In all probability the avian spirochirtosis of the Sudan is due to a special 

 spirochete distinct from Sp. marchouxi and most, if not all, other species hitherto described 

 with the exception of that recently discovered by Jowett in South Africa. The chief 

 points wliicli liave led nie, somewhat against my own inclination, for the multiplication of 

 species is to be deprecated, to adopt this view are : — 



(a) Its peculiar tendency to breakup into "infective granules" in the internal organs. 

 These granules, which are discharged by the still living spirochsetes from one or 

 other end of its periplastic sheath or cell membrane, would appear to constitute 

 a stage in the non-sexual life-cycle of the parasite, for they seemingly enter the red 

 cells, develop in them, undergo a process akin to schizogony and regain the /iV/«(-r 

 yiDiiinhiia as tiny nierozoites which vary in number and slightly also in size. 

 (/.} The course of the disease in fowls and in chicks. This, it is true, somewhat resembles 

 the spirochirtosis of fowls in Senegal, due to Sp. iifvoiixi (Brumpt) and which Bouet 

 found in the French Sudan. If it is the same disease, and there are points of diflference, 

 the spirocha»te of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was first discovered and has priority in 

 nomenclature. Our fowl spirocha-tosis would appear to differ in some respects, 

 notai)ly as regards the "granule phase" from the Tunisian and Somaliland strains, 

 (p) The peculiar sexual (?) life-cycle, partly worked out in the tick, Anjan pevairm (Fischer) 

 and which seems in most respects comparable to that descrii)od by Leishman for 

 Sp. iliilliiiii in (h'liithciilnniK monbnia. 



' So far, efforts have l»ecti misiincessfnl in this direetion. 



'-■ Tlicy do, lioth in the case of Antnx itrrxii-iis .ind Oriiillioriloriis siivl;iiiii>, the ijrwes^ lieing e.x.ictly .siniilar 

 to that oeeiirriuK in chieks. 



" A disch.irpe of frraiinks from the red i-i-lls has Ihvmi simv imti'd. The frranules remained ehiniiied and did 

 not disperse. 



