SPIROCH.ETOSIS OF SUDANESE FOWLS 107 



(rf) The absence of any cycle in the tick corresponding to that described by Pro\vaz;ek 

 for Sp. gallinarum {iiiarchouxi) in Ar(ias miniatnt-. 



(e) The fact that lice (Alenopon sp. ?) have been shown capable of transmitting the disease 



may be another distinguishing factor. 



(f) The insusceptibility of pigeons to the disease. The fact that gerbils cannot be 



inoculated with it may also serve to separate it from other forms of avian 



spirochsetosis. 



These then, with other minor points, seem to me to justify one in finally regarding 

 this Sudan spirochaete as a specific entity. I propose to name it Spirochieta f/rawilofa Proposed 

 penetrans *(nov. sp.), which, if a somewhat lengthy name, would seem to direct attention "^'"'^' 

 to its outstanding and peculiar features. I admit that the last word has not been said pcneirans 

 on what is a difficult subject and await with interest the researches being carried out in 

 South Africa on a spirochaete strain, which would appear to be the same as that with which 

 this paper deals. Meanwhile, recent papers by Bosanquet' and Dobell- on certain non- 

 pathogenic spirochaetes are, to saj- the least, very suggestive. 



I cannot conclude without expressing my thanks to Professor Ehrlich, who most 

 kindly and generously supplied me with a considerable quantity of his new drug for 

 purposes of experimental research. I am also greatly indebted to Captain E. G. Archibald, 

 E.A.M.C., for his assistance at various stages of the work, and to Captain W. B. Fry, 

 E.A.M.C., for special help in connection with the dark-field work. To Messrs. Buchanan 

 and Marshall, our laboratory assistants, my thanks are also due, and more especially to 

 the former for his admirable drawings illustrating certain of the conditions mentioned ; 

 while Mr. F. C. Murray-, Chief Sanitary Inspector, Khartoum, has been at pains to 

 procure material for the research in the shape of sick fowls and infected ticks. 



Additional Note 



Subsequent experiments have proved that if a chick be fed on recently-infected 

 ticks, other means of infection being prevented, it develops spirochaetosis. The 

 incubation period is five days. According to the rules of scientific nomenclature the name 



of the spirochaete would need to be Sp. granulosa, and the term penetrans reserved as a 



sub-species title if such were found necessary. 



XOTE ON A ^IeTHOIi OF (^BTAIXIXG BlOOD AsEPTIf ALI, Y FOR THE 

 CULTUr.E OF H.EMATOZOA IN THE TroI'ICS 



BY 



The Directoi; 



Until one hit upon the idea of the simple apparatus herewith described (Fig. 27) 

 one had found it well-nigh impossible to prepare blood-agar tubes for trypanosome culture 

 which did not speedily become contaminated, usually with cocci and moulds. Since it 

 has been in use the difficulty has disappeared, and we have been able in these laboratories 

 to cultivate trypanosomes and Leishmania with comparative ease. 



' Bosanquet, W. C. (February, 1911), " Brief notes on the Structure and Development of Spirochcrta nnnrlontn; 

 Keysselitz." Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science. 

 - Loc. cit. 



