164 



KALA-AZAR COMMISSION 



Infcttcd caics 



Infection by a 

 subcutaneous 

 injection 



Exi'KKIMKNTAI. I\AI^A-AZAK IN TIIK (JUKY M () N K l; V 

 ( (. '(• rcop it live II f Mt /i.T Kfj 



Inoculation exporinionts wero carried out to dutoniiinc the infcctivity of tiie ordinary 

 f^rey monkey of the Sudan {< 'crcopitlwcnx nnbieitu) to kala-aitai', and the residts are sliown 

 in Table I. {payeg 162-163). 



Twelve monkeys were used in the experiments. Eight were infected witii kala-a/ar. In 

 3 the experiment failed, and one still remains doubtful. So far we have i'ound that the best 

 method of infecting these monkeys is from a splenic puncture during life. .\n ordinary 

 sterilised hypodermic syringe is taken, washed out with sterile citrate, spleen puncture 

 carried out in the ordinary way and the contents of the syringe inmiediately injected into 

 the peritoneal cavity of a monkey. 



Infected cases 



Of the 8 infected cases, 5 were infected intraperitoneally, one subcutaneously, one 

 subcutaueously and intravenously, and one was naturally infected. 



Of those infected intraperitoneally, Monkey B was chloroformed on the 62nd day. 

 Post mortem examination showed enlargement of the spleen and Leishman-Donovan 

 bodies present in moderate numbers. No parasites could be found in the liver, so 

 probably the spleen becomes infected before the liver. 



Monkey D died on the 65th day from a mixed infection of tuberculosis and 

 Leishmaniosis and it is interesting to record the degenerate nature of the parasites in 

 this case. The parasites were most degenerated in the spleen, wliich was heavily infected 

 with tubercle, and were best preserved in the bone-marrow where the tubercles were 

 scanty. The post mortem examination was done immediately after death, so the change 

 could not be a post mortem one. 



Monkey E was infected by the 54th day, became very ill with diarrhcea on the 

 143rd day, and was chloroformed on the 145th day. It was heavily infected with 

 parasites. 



Monkey N, inoculated intraperitoneally from Monkey E, remained quite well, but, 

 owing to infection occurring in Monkey S {vide infra), liver puncture was carried out 

 on the 120th day and doubtful Leishman-Donovan bodies were seen ; 35 days later the 

 monkey died and tiie post mortem examination showed splenomegaly with Leishman- 

 Donovan parasites present in the spleen, bone-marrow and liver. There was a snudl 

 ulcer in the small intestine, in the region of the ileum. 



Monkey P died on the 134th day heavily infected with Leislnnan-Doiiovan parasites. 



Of those infected subcutaneously. Monkey E was inoculated in the subcutaneous 

 tissues of the thigh with a post mortem splenic emulsion from a case of kala-azar. On 

 the 150th day the spleen was found to be enlarged and liver puncture showed the presence 

 of Leishman-Donovan bodies. On the 156th day the peripheral blood was examined and 

 in the 5th slide 3 parasites were found inside a large mononuclear cell. This monkey is 

 still alive. 



Monkey L was injected intravenously and subcutaneously. It was intended to inject 

 intravenously, but only the first portion of the virus entered the vein, the remainder 

 entering the subcutaneous tissues of the forearm. Examined on the 161st day the spleen 

 was found to be enlarged and splenic puncture showed the presence of Leishman-Donovan 

 bodies. This monkey is still alive. 



Tlie remaining monkey, which was a very young animal, was put in tlie same cage 

 as Monkey N on the day that the latter was inoculated intraperitoneally from Monkey E. 



