bodies in 

 standing water 



KALA-AZAR COMMISSION 169 



arc the result of cncystmcnt and rupture, or wliethcr they are hudilefl oil' from 

 tlie parent body, we cannot tell. These small round bodies develop into small oval 

 bodies which gradually increase in size, becoming in time a full-grown parasite. The 

 size of a full-grown parasite is about 42-5 ;tt by Si fi. 



This parasite evidently belongs to the BalaiiHdinni group of protozoa, but does 

 not conform to the description given of either of the two described as occurring in 

 the human alimentary canal. It is smaller than Balantidium colt, and differs also 

 in having only one nucleus and one contractile vacuole. It is bigger than the 

 Balantidiiim miniifuDi of Schaudinn, and differs also in the structure of the peristome. 

 The special aggregation of the cilia at the anterior or pointed end is also characteristic 

 of this new form. 



Balantidia are usually associated in man with pathological conditions, producing 

 enteritis and sometimes ulceration of the bowel. It is an interesting fact that it 

 was obtained by splenic puncture from a case of kala-azar which had suffered from 

 diarrhoea. It is also interesting to record that this parasite was again obtained in 

 a culture made from the mucous membrane around tlie ulcer in tire large intestine 

 of Case 11. 



(6) (1) Flagellated bodies in standing water (Plate X., figs. 8 and 9) 



This parasite was found accidentally wdiile we were endeavouring to cultivate Flagell.ited 

 flagellated bodies from the fseces of infected monkeys. The control of ordinary distilled 

 water showed in tliree to four days an enormous number of very actively motile bodies. 

 These bodies are small, oval or circular, and, in stained preparations, appear to have 

 usually two flagella. The longer flagellum comes from the region of the nucleus 

 and the shorter one from the kinetonueleus. The protoplasm is vacuolated. The 

 average measurement is 6'8/( by 5/i. The flagellum is usually longer than the parasite. 

 On examining the original bottle containing the distilled water a few parasites were 

 found. These evidently multiply rapidly at 22' C. 



[b) (2) Fhi.gelldJi'd bodieii in fftices of infected Monkey (Plate X., figs. 10-12) 



These wei'e obtained by emulsifying the fseces of Monkey E in boiled distilled Flagellated 

 water and incubating at 22 C. These bodies very much resemble the preceding, but '" "^^'" ^'^'"^ 



'^ ■ '^ '' of infected 



are smaller and more elongated. Sometimes one flagellum was present and sometimes monkey 

 two, the latter being the more common. Usually the two flagella arise quite close 

 together, and, in many parasites, the kinetonueleus is not visiljle. The average length 

 of the parasite is about O/i by 3ju. Further experiments are necessary to determine 

 if these parasites are present in the fseces of other infected monkeys, controls with 

 healthy monkeys so far having given negative results. 



(c) Flai/i'llafcd bodies in soil 



Enormous numbers of flagellated bodies were obtained from soil, liut their Fiaseiiated 

 morphology has not yet been worked out. boriips in sod 



CONCLUSIOXR 



1. Kala-azar in Sennar Province affects, for the most part, children whose average age 

 is about 12 years. This does not appear to hold in the neighbouring; Province of 

 Kassala where adults are commonly affected. 



2. The disease runs an acute course, and chronic cases were not met with. 



3. The disease is not invariably fatal, cases of recovery having l)een met with. 



