VETERINARY NOTES 347 



least, aiiaplasniosis may attack donkeys as well as cattle. What is the transmitter of 

 the disease ? 



In South Africa, the blue tick, Boophilus decoloratus, is implicated. So far as we 

 know, this tick does not occur in the Sudan, but Boophilus australis is present, having 

 been found on cattle and dogs, and it is worth noting that Mr. King, our Entomologist, Mode of 

 informed me that Professor Nuttall told him that there was a possibility that these two '*"^"^'^^'°' 

 species will be found to be one and the same. The only tick found on the donkeys 

 when they arrived in Khartoum was Ithipicephalus evertsi, but it is quite possible they 

 may have harboured B. australis at Malakal, or wherever they became infected. 



Still, a different host, a different carrier, and possibly, also, a different species of 

 parasite. It may be that this Anaplasma is not ^1. marginale and that another tick acts as 

 its vector. It is hoped that opportunities may arise for working out this problem. 

 Unfortunately, at the time the animals were here I did not pay nmch attention to the 

 " marginal points," being interested in the babesia infection, and I expect I overlooked any 

 special symptoms or post mortem appearances which might be attributed to gall-sickness. 

 This shows how necessary it is to be constantly on the alert, to take nothing for granted, 

 and to judge, so to speak, every case on its own merits. Of course, any disease in donkeys 

 induced by the presence of Anaplasma may not necessarily be of the nature of gall-sickness. 

 In slides of donkey's blood, recently sent him from the Bahr-El-Ghazal, Captain Archibald 

 has also found Anaplasma and Nuttallia equi occurring together. It is probable, therefore, 

 that one species of tick serves as the carrier of the parasites of both diseases in donkeys, 

 and I should not be surprised if that tick turns out to be Ehipicephalus evertsi, so far as the 

 Sudan is concerned. 



FlL.AKIASIS 



Although filaria have been found in the Sudan in the blood of birds and reptiles I am 

 not aware that, prior to a paper on a micro-iilaria of the horse, which I contributed to the 

 Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hyyiene, these parasites, with one exception (vide infra) 

 had been described in mammalian blood apart from human infection. They have come 

 under observation in the blood of three animals, the horse, the camel and the hare. 



< In the Hoese 



On February 5, Captain P. U. Carr, Director Veterinary Department, sent me a pony 

 wliich was suspected to be suffering from trypanosomiasis. Such was found to be the case, 

 a tryj)anosome being present in fair numbers in the peripheral blood which, so far as 

 can be told from morphology alone and a few negative inoculation experiments, is probably 

 T. nanum. The pony was then treated with arsenic and was sent for re-examination on 

 February 12, when trypanosomes were found to be very scarce, but filarial embryos were 

 discovered in the blood. It is this micro-filaria which forms the subject of the present 

 short paper. 



Historij : — The ow-ner of the horse, Mr. L. Landon, of the Sudan Irrigation Service, Filaria in ai 

 very kindly furnished me with the following particulars regarding his pony. It is an Abyssinian 

 Abyssinian and was purchased in 1906 when three years old. Towards the end of 1908 

 it was taken to Uganda, reaching Gondokoro, in the Nile Province, about December 10 and 

 proceeding thereafter as far as Kobe, at the north end of Lake Albert. At that time 

 the pony was perfectly well, but was sent back to Nimule, on the Nile, and was there 

 found, in March, to be slightly sick, but not to such an extent as to prevent its being 

 ridden back to Gondokoro, brought down the Nile, and sent to Dongola. There it 

 developed pneumonia in June or July and since that time has been more or less ill. 



