coucidiosis of the intestine in the goat 359 



Pathogenicity 



Coccidiosis in thu intestine of cattle, goats, etc., has been described in Central 

 Europe. There, however, it was seldom fatal except in young animals. I have now 

 considerable doubt, however, whether the coccidia will account for the illness of some 

 of these goats. The stripping of the entire mucous membrane of the small intestine to 

 the verjr depth of the glands, except in those places where coccidia are, the enlargement I'athugeniciiy 

 of the mesenteric glands, which show marked increase of fibrous tissue and centres 

 of cell degeneration, and the fact that advanced stages of coccidiosis give no symptoms, 

 seem to point to some more acute cause than coccidiosis, unless there is the formation 

 of some virulent toxin. 



I regret I have not enough data to definitely place the organism. It is probably the 

 same as that affecting cattle in East Africa, as I have lately heard, and possibly the same 

 as that in Central Europe. As mentioned on page 358, its sexual development seems 

 closely allied to that in the intestine of the mole, though its habitat is not in the nucleus. 



A FEW Notes on the Pugtozoa Parasitic in Bufo uegulauis 



IN Khartoum 



BY 



A. C. Stevenson, M.B., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (Lond.), ]J.P.H. (Cantab.) 



PkOTOZOA in THE BlOOD 



Trypanosoma rotatoriuiii 



In examining fresh specimens of the above toad's blood in Khartoum, I found 

 Tnipanosoma rotatorium present, without extensive search or cultivation in each instance, 

 in 6 cases out of 21. The period of examination was from the middle of November to 

 the middle of February. 



I had at first considerable difficulty in recognising the organism in the fresh state, 

 as in that condition its appearance when adult is quite different from that seen under 

 similar circumstances when search for the conmioner mammalian trypanosoines is made. 



The trypanosome is seen as a small body, roughly about the same length in longest 

 diameter as the red blood corpuscle, resembling the flower of the convolvulus in shape, 

 and rapidly rotating on its long axis. Its flagellum can be seen flickering beyond what 

 would be the edge of the petals of the flower. The posterior end of the parasite, or 

 what would be the base or narrow end of the flower, is generally applied to one of the 

 red blood corpuscles. Though I know this was the first trypanosome described, I have 

 never seen or heard mentioned the reason of the name. 



By emulsifying blood in citrate of soda solution, fixing with osmic acid vapour, ^j^thod ,,f 

 spreading gently with a needle and drying, I was able to stain the parasite in this makingand 

 condition (Plate XXI., tigs. 1-3). Spreading films in the ordinary way generally leads to 

 their being unrolled or crushed. 



An interesting point which appears in some of the unrolled and stained specimens is 

 the arrangement of the myonemes. Each myoneme appears to start from near the Arrangement 

 posterior end of the body, about half-way to the edge of the undulating membrane, to °^ ^^^ 



mvonemes 



which they radiate, each divides into two, and each half coalesces with the half from the 

 myoneme on each side of it, except in the case of the first and last, where the anterior 

 and posterior halves of each respectively remain alone (Plate XXI., fig. 5). 



