ixTRODrcTioy. J 9 



wliich are always simple in the Anomalini and Adoketini, are 

 liere usually cleft iu the male or in ooth stxes. Tn a curious new 

 genus ot" AooiucTiNi described later {Lissadorelus) the rule is also 

 reversed, and the female has all the claws simple, while the male 

 has the longer front and middle ones divided. The peculiar 

 build of the female in this case seems to suggest an adaptation to 

 some special and non-arboreal mode of life. 



In one small group of Malayan species of Parasias'ia the middle 

 feet of tlie male are specially modified, instead of the front ones, 

 the outer claw of each bearing a broad flat lobe. 



1 have mentioned that a sexual difl'erence in the form of the 

 front tibia is common, but the hind tibia is almost equally liable 

 lo dili'er. That of the female is commonly shorter and broader 

 than that of the male and dilated at the end. T'robablv this 

 modiiication of shape enables the female better to perform the 

 digging operations involved in the deposition of her eggs. 



h\ a few species of Anomala, a curious difference in the spurs 

 at the. end of the hind tibia3 manifests itself. The longer one 

 of the two spurs, in the males of A. pteryfjoplionis, A.stollczl-o'. 

 A. anthracina and A. propinqua, is lengthened, strongly curved, 

 and blunt or knobbed at the end, while in the females both spurs 

 are straight and acute. A. propinqua and A. anthracina are only 

 remotely related to the other two species mentioned, so that this 

 appears to be an instance of an almost identical modification 

 arising independentlv. 



Of similar significance tt) the uiodiiied feet of the males are 

 certain features characterising the females of manv species, i'or 

 instance, a structure found in the females of many Di;nastin.e 

 {Ci/c/ocej>h((Ia, etc.) recurs iu various genera of Kutelix.e (Felto- 

 tiofus, Fruhfttorferid^ certain species of Anomala, etc.). This is an 

 abru[)t thickening or expansion of the outer margins of the elytra 

 at a point usually just behind the middle. In Faraatasia snlci- 

 pennis (figs. 11 & 12) and various allied species, the elytra, which 

 ill the male are peculiarly smooth and glossy, bear in the other 

 sex very deep furrows, which, combined with other differences 

 of colour and shape, give the two sexes a totally different as[)ect 

 Jn AnomaJa rugosa (Hgs. 39 & 40) the elytra of the female are 

 very finely sculptuivd in such a way as to be quite dull in 

 appearance, while iu the male they are shining, and in A.Jiavo- 

 notaia there is a similar, allhough smaller, difference. JJis- 

 ])irities of a rather similar kind are not uncommoidv fV)un([ 

 in the pygidiuin and ])ropygidium. Tlius in Farastasia rnfo- 

 plcta (Plate I, fig. 4) the propygidium of the male has a silky 

 lustre, but in the feuiale it has a highly peculiar dense grami- 

 lation which produces a kind of sooty surface. In an allied sjjecies. 

 F. basalis, the propygidium is the same in both, but the pygidium 

 is covered with hair in the female and bare in the male. An 

 exactly similar difference is found in Anomahi dimidiala nnd other 

 species of Anomala, although the relationship between the genera 

 Famstasia and Anomala is remote. In other cases a sli^lit dif- 

 ference in the sculpturing of the pygidium distinguishes the sexes. 



c2 



