XX. 



armed with cornuti in the form of fixed spines, which, 

 notwithstanding, may sometimes be broken off during 

 copulation, but they are usually accompanied also by long, 

 flattened, almost fish-shaped, deciduous spines. These 

 latter remain in the bursa of the female after copulation. 



Turning now to the female, we draw attention to the 

 ovipositor. This usually consists of a pair of flattened lobes, 

 clothed with fine spines. Some specialized forms, however, 

 appear. The first is telescopic, clearly developed to meet 

 the case where the ovum has to be deposited far down, 

 e.g., within a long rolled grass leaf. Tlie second is the 

 highly specialized form we have called floricomous. It 

 occurs in the group Cnephasidii, and, in a less developed 

 stage, in Tortrix viridana, L. and Zeiraphera trimaadana 

 Don. Some light has been shed upon this curious form by 

 the interesting observations of Mr. A. Sich; in these 

 he records that the eggs of Tortrix viridana are 

 laid in pairs, and then covered with green scales from the 

 upper surface of the anterior wings. For this purpose the 

 highly specialized floricomous ovipositor would be eminently 

 suitable. Other peculiar forms, occurring sporadically in 

 genera with usually normal ovipositors, point clearly to 

 specialization; e.g., the strong form designed for cutting 

 purposes, as in Commophila ccneana. 



The ostium is commonly in the form of a cup, but the 

 ductus bursae is often useful in separating otherwise closely 

 similar species. The signum is highly important, and we 

 have relied largely upon it in forming the larger groups. 

 In certain cases, it is true, it is absent, but here the form 

 of the male genitalia leaves no doubt as to the position the 

 female should occupy. We are unable to make any 

 suggestion as to the use of the signum, and find its 

 occasional absence equally unaccountable. In accordance 

 with this character we arrive at the nine following large 

 groups : — 



