VI PREFACE. 



once, he will at least find his doubts reduced to 

 narrow limits, and by an easy process of exhaustion 

 will speedily arrive at its identification. 



The measurements, except where it is otherwise 

 stated, are in English feet, inches, and lines, or 

 twelfths of an inch. The letters F. M. denote old 

 Frencli measure, where 1 foot equals 1 foot 1 inch 

 and 1^ line English. 



The boundaries of Europe on its Asiatic frontier 

 here adopted are the Ural Mountains, the River 

 Ural or Jaik, the Caspian Sea, and the Rivers Kouban 

 and Terek, to the north of the Caucasus. 



C. 



London, May 1859. 



