3 b lucanidjE. 



articulated, the head protruding, the legs, antennae and 

 jnandibles elongated and the teeth or spines with which the 

 legs are furnished comparatively feeble. The exact number 

 and conformation of the lateral teeth of the front tibia are 

 inconstant and often differ on the two sides of the same 

 individual, but the shape of the extremity is of more 

 consequence and is practically constant. Usually it forms a 

 fork with curved prongs for clinging to upright surfaces, but 

 other forms may be found. The four jiosterior tibiae may be 

 without any lateral teeth, as in the genus Calcodes ; there may 

 be a single sharj^ spine near the middle, as in most species of 

 Dorms, or several such spines, as in Lucanus, in which case 

 the actual number is again not constant even in the same 

 individual. The tarsi, except in the remarkable genus 

 Penichrolucanus, in which all the joints are completely 

 consolidated into a single short j^iece, consist of five loosely 

 articulated joints, are never very short and sometimes very 

 long and slender. They may have thick hairy pads beneath, 

 but usually the soles are composed of minute and incon- 

 spicuous setae. The claws, except in the same abnormal genus, 

 are of quite simj^le form, generally rather long, and between 

 them is usually seen a well-developed pulvillus, a rod-like 

 object surmounted by a pair of long bristles, perhaps sensory 

 in their function. In the Figulin^ the pulvillus is not visible, 

 the claw- joint being extended so as to sheathe the base of the 

 claws, concealing the pulvillus, which is without the terminal 

 bristles. 



In the peculiar genus Ceruchus the legs of each pair are in 

 contact in the middle line of the body and the coxae are very 

 prominent, but in all other genera of our region the coxae are 

 deeply embedded, and those of the first pair are separated by 

 the jjrosternum, which extends a short distance behind them 

 and is usually elevated and conspicuous behind, sometimes 

 forming a pointed process. The front femur has upon its 

 anterior face, close to the base, a round or oval patch of close 

 silky yellow hairs, the function of which is unknown. An 

 exactly similar patch is found in the Geotrupin^ and other 

 Lamellicorn groups. The antennae are composed of ten joints, 

 the first forming a long scape and the second attached, not to 

 the extreme end of this but a little to the side, so that an elbowed 

 articulation results. When at rest the organ is folded at this 

 point and lies in a slight depression upon the lower surface of 

 the head. The number of joints forming the club varies. It 

 is usually 3 but may be 4, 5 or 6. These club-joints are 

 usually not, as in most Lamellicorns, thin plates of extreme 

 mobility with their sensory surfaces opposed and capable of 

 being brought close together or separated. Some of the most 

 highly developed forms, in which a multiplication of the 



