xii CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



THE SEXSES OF ANTS. 



PAOE 



Sight :~DifRculty of understanding how insects see— Number 

 of eyes — Two theories — Views of Miiller, Grenacher, 

 Lowne, Claparede — Appreciation of colour — Sensitiveness 

 to violet— Perception of ultra-violet rays. Hearing: — An- 

 tennae regarded by many entomologists as organs of hearing 

 — Opinions as to whether ants, bees, and wasps bear- 

 General opinion that bees and wasps can hear — Huber and 

 Forel doubt in the case of ants — Experiments with ants — 

 Forel's observations — Colonel Long — Mr. Tait — Structure of 

 anterior tibia. The Sense of Smell . . . 182 



CHAPTER IX. 

 GENERAL INTELLIGENCE 



Statements of previous writers — Economy of labour — Experi- 

 ments as to ingenuity in overcoming obstacles and econo- 

 mising labour — Experiments with bridges, embankments, 

 and moats — Earthworks — Ingenuity in building nests — 

 Difficulty in finding their way — Experiments with movable 

 objects — Sense of direction — Experiments with rotating 

 disks — Experiments with rotating table — Influence of light 236 



CHAPTER X. 

 BEES. 



Difficulty experienced by bees in finding their way— Communi- 

 cation between bees — Bees do not by any means always 

 summon one another when they have discovered a store of 

 food — Bees in strange hives — Infatuation of bees — Want of 

 affection — Behaviour to queen — Sentinels — The sense of 

 hearing — The sense of colour— Experiments with coloured 

 papers— Power of distinguishing colours— Preference for 

 blue— Influence of bees on the colours of flowers — Blue 

 flowers — Paucity of blue flowers — Blue flowers of compara- 

 tively recent origin ...... 274 



