GLOSSARY. 



Abdominal Scutes, or Abdominals (of tortoises). See figure 12. 



Alveolak surface, a flat masticatory surface of the jaws of tortoises, 

 seen just withiu the cutting edge. 



Amphiccelous. Concave at both ends ; said of certain vertebrae 



Anal plate. The large scale immediately in front of the vent of 

 serpents. 



Ankylosed. Joined by bony union. 



Anteorbital. a small epidermal plate of the head of snakes, which 

 lies immediately in front of the eye. If there are but three plates 

 between the eye and the nostril, either the anteorbital or the loral is 

 missing. If the plate present next the eye has its greatest length 

 horizontal, it is the loral ; otherwise it is the anteorbital. 



Axilla. The arm-pit. 



Axillary. Pertaining to or placed in the axilla. 



AzYGOUS. Placed in the middle line, and, therefore, without a fellow. 



Balancers. Organs of adhesion at the sides of the mouths of tadpoles ; 



"holders." 

 Barbels. A short, worm-like process of skin about the mouth or at the 



chin. 

 Branchle. Gills. 

 Branchial arches. Bony or cartilaginous arches that support the 



gills of fishes, or arches that correspond to these in other animals. 

 Bridge. That portion of the shell of a tortoise which joins the carapace 



and the plastron. 



Callosities. Patches of hard skin on the plastron of soft-shelled turtles. 

 Canthus rostralis. a slight ridge from the eye to the tip of the 



snout, separating the upper surface of the head from the side. 

 Carapace. The upper portion of the shell of tortoises. 

 Carinated. Furnished with a keel, or sharp ridge. 

 Choanje. The internal nostrils. 



Clavicles. A bone corresponding to the human collar-bone. 

 Cloaca. The common chamber into which the intestine, the ureters and 



the genital ducts open. 



