[ r.6 ] 



Hjort's Hydrographic-Biological Studies of the 

 Norwegian Fisheries : a Review. 



By 



Walter Garstang, M.A., 



Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 

 and Naturalist in charge of Fishery Investigation at the Plymouth Laboratory. 



Scandinavia lias been for a number of years past the centre of interest 

 in hydrograpbic inquiries. The waters of the Baltic, Skagerack, and 

 Cattegat, have been thoroughly investigated by Swedish men of 

 science ; the complicated currents of those seas and their periodic 

 alterations have been determined and explained ; and a relation has 

 been found to exist between the movements of herring and mackerel 

 and the periodic changes in the character of the water which bathes 

 the Swedish shores. The brilliant results attained by the Swedish 

 hydrographers have been fully described by Prof. Otto Pettersson 

 in the tenth volume of the Scottish Geographical Magazine (1894), and a 

 critical summary of these results is included in Cunningham's paper on 

 the "Physical and Biological Conditions of the North Sea," published 

 in this journal last year. (Vol. iv., 1896, p. 233.) 



The fruitfulness of Pettersson's methods has, however, led other 

 countries to co-operate with the Swedish hydrographers in extending 

 the area of investigation, and in 1893 a series of investigations was 

 carried out simultaneously in different parts of the North Sea by 

 Swedish, German, Danish, British, and Norwegian vessels. The 

 investigations on the part of our country were undertaken by the 

 Fishery Board for Scotland, and were carried out by Dickson in H.M.S. 

 Jackal. His results were published in the Twelfth Report of the 

 Fishery Board for Scotland, and a further account of their bearings on 

 the fishery problems appeared in Natural Science for January, 1895. 



The Norwegian investigations were entrusted by the Norwegian 

 Government to Dr. Johan Hjort, Stipendiate of State Fisheries, and his 

 results are contained in the volume of 150 pages before us,* published 



• Hydrographic-Biological Studies of the Norwegian Fisheries, by Dr. Johan Hjort. 

 {Vidcnskabsselskuhets Skriftcr. I. Math. Naturv. Klasse. 1895. No. 9.) Christiania. 1896. 



