FROM THE EDDYSTONE GROUNDS TO START POINT. 459 



DisniiiirTiox. Gorgonia verrucosa occurs in the I\Ic(litoinuii>an (v. Koch, No. 59 ; 

 Pruvot, No. 98 ; Marion, No. 74), on the coast of Brittany (Pruvot), and on the south- 

 west coast of England. Johnston {British Zoophytes, No. 56) records it, on the authority 

 of Dr. Walker and of Sowerby, from Scotland. There is a British Museum specimen said 

 to be collected by Forbes in the Shetlands {Cat. Brit. Had. Animals, p. 56). Herdman and 

 Leslie (No. 43) think that the species does not occur in the fresh condition in the Firth of 

 Forth, although dead pieces have been occasionally seen there. Gorgonia verrucosa is 

 therefore clearly a southern species which is seldom met with in any locality north of the 

 English Channel. 



In the Mediterranean von Koch seems to have always found this species of Gorgonia 

 attached to stones. 



Caryophyllia Smithii (Chart I.) is found attached to shells and to 

 stones on the gravel grounds in the neighbourhood of the Eddystone, 

 on the Bolt Head Shell Gravel, and on the Prawle Stony Ground. On 

 the Eddystone Gravels it is very conimonly attached to old Fecten 

 maximus shells. The barnacle, Pyrgoma anglicum, is generally asso- 

 ciated with it. 



The species is entirely absent from the fine sand grounds. 



Distribution. Geographical. Shetlands (abundant, Norman, No. 90) ; west of 

 Scotland (Hoylo, No. 52) ; south-west of Ireland (Haddon, No. 34) ; Devon and 

 Cornwall ; Brittany (Lacaze Duthier, No. 63) ; Azores (?) {Challenger, Moseley, No 89). 



Leslie and Herdman (No. 43) do not record the species from the Firth of Forth. The 

 Pommerania (Schulze, No. 105) foirnd the dead skeleton only on the south coast of 

 Norway, so that it appears to be absent from the North Sea. According to Lacaze 

 Duthier (No. 63) the Mediterranean form, C. clavus, is a distinct species, and 0. Smithii 

 is not found in that sea. 



Depith. 0-450 fathoms {Challenger, No. 89). 



Habitat. On rocks, stones, and shells. 



Epizoanthvs incrustahis (Chart I.) was generally present on the outer 

 trawling ground (II.), of which it is a characteristic species. It was 

 taken twice (hauls 27 and 21) on the Bolt Head Shell Gravel. It 

 was not present on the other grounds. 



DisTKiBUTiON. Geographical. There is still considerable confusion as to the synonymy 

 of this species. According to Haddon (No. 35) E. incrustatus (Diib. and Kor. ) occurs on 

 the east and west coasts of the North Atlantic, as far south as the English Channel and 

 the Massachusetts coast. E. arcriMceus (Delle Chiaje) he regards as a distinct species 

 confined to the Mediterranean. 



According to tlie same authority the species ranges in depth from shallow water to 906 

 fathoms. 



Epizoanfhus incrustatus occurs gi'owing on shells, which arc sometimes, but not always, 

 inhabited by hermit crabs [Anapagurus lacvis (Norman), Eupagurus excavatus (Haddon) ; 

 Eupagurus victiculosus (Bourne, No. 11)]. 



Sayartia parasitica (Chart XII.) was always found associated with 

 Eupagurus Bernhardus, but it is a curious fact that it was only taken 

 on fine sand grounds (I., II., III., IV., V., and VII.), whilst the 

 specimens of the hermit crab, which were not unfrequently taken on 

 the gravels, were always without the anemone. I would not, how- 

 ever, suggest that this is at all a general rule. 



DiSTUiiiUTlON. Geographical. A southern form, extending from the Mediterranean to 

 the southern shores of the British Isles. Brittany (Pruvot, Ni). 98) ; suuthern part of 



