Fi;OM THE EDDVSTONE GROUNDS TO START POINT. 491 



one on the fine sand Ground I. (haul 50). The species was taken in no 

 other hauls. 



Habits. Most of the specimens were females carrying ova. They 

 were more or less completely covered with compound ascidians, polyzoa 

 {Scrvjiocellaria scruposa and Bicellaria ciliata), and large Balanus. In 

 one case several specimens of Ascidiella scahra were attached. 



Distribution. Geographical. An Arctic species, attaining both its maximum size and 

 abundance within tlie Arctic circle. It is one of the three species of Crustacea Brachyura 

 which are found in higli latitudes (Norman, No. 93). It is circum]talar in distribution 

 (Meinert, No. 75). The species occurs on the eastern and western sides of the Atlantic as 

 follows :— Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland, Norway, Sweden, North Sea (northern 

 part, seldom in south), Irish Sea, South-West Ireland, English Channel, Brittany {vide 

 Norman, Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, Meinert, Metzger, A. 0. Walker, Pocock, Bell, 

 Pruvot). It does not extend into the Kattegat (Meinert), nor is it taken on the west coast 

 of France (Bonnier). 



Depth. Shore (A. 0. Walker, No. 112) to 250 fathoms (Pocock, No. 96). 



Bottom-deposit. From the Irish Sea (A. 0. AValker) Hyas coardatus is recorded in stony 

 places (0-10 fathoms), on small gravel and shells (15 fathoms), on sandy mud (30 fathoms), 

 and on nullipore gravel (15-18 fathoms). Milne-Edwards and Bouvier (No. 80) record it 

 from north of the Great Bank of Newfoundland on fine sand and small pebbles. Metzger 

 (No. 78), in the North Sea, notes it generally on mud and sand. Pruvot (No 98), on the 

 Brittany coast on gravel, and Meinert (No. 75), in 70 fathoms north of Skagen, on mud 

 and fine sand. In the case of this species also it seems clear that the nature of the bottom- 

 dejiosit is not a very important factor in directly determining its distribution. 



Eurynome aspera (see Table VI.). The only haul in which several 



specimens of this species were taken was haul 93 (Ground IX. j, on the 



mixed gravel and sand west of the Eddystone. It was present in small 



numbers (one or two specimens in a haul) on nearly all the other 



grounds, both fine sand and gravel. The only grounds from which it is 



not recorded at all are V., X., XV., and XVI. 



Habits. Not a burrowing species (Garstaug, No. 29). 



DiSTRiBUTiox. Geographical. A southern species, especially abundant in the Mediter- 

 ranean, where it is common on all kinds of ground from the shore to a depth of 140 

 fathoms. It is found on the coast of Portugal, west and north coasts of France, Englisli 

 Channel, Irish Sea, south-west of Ireland, Shetlands (rare, Norman, No. 90), south and 

 west of Norway ; not recorded from North Sea, seldom in Kattegat (Marion and Gourret, 

 Bonnier, Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, Walker, Pocock, Norman, Metzger, Meinert). 



Dcpith. In Mediterranean, shore to 140 fathoms (Gourret, No. 31); south-west of 

 Ireland, 315 fathoms (Pocock, No. 96). Shallowest depth recorded on British Coasts, 

 15 fathoms (Walker, No. 111). 



Boltom-drposit. Gourret records Eurynome aspera in the Mediterranean from all kinds 

 of ground, on gravel, on sand, on muddy sand, and on mud. A. Milne-Edwards and 

 Bouvier (No. 80) found it on fine sand or muddy sand nine times, on sand with gravel 

 three times in the Bay of Biscay and north-west of Spain. Walker (Nos. Ill and 112) 

 records it in the Irish Sea from nulli])Oie ground, from " reamy " bottom (i.e., mud and 

 gravel), and from broken shell and small stones. In the Kattegat (Meinert, No. 75) it was 

 taken generally on gravel mixed with small stones or with sand, more rarely with mud. 

 It was seldom taken on pure mud. This is another example of a wandering species, the 

 distribution of which does not depend directly to any great extent upon the nature of the 

 bottom-deposit. 



Fortunus depurntor. Chart XIII. Abundant only on Ground VI. 



(three miles east of tlie Eddystone), which is a sandy ground witii many 



