408 ON THE FAUNA AND BOTTOM-DEPOSITS NEAR THE 30-Fl\I. LINE 



DisTKiiiUTiON. Geographical. A southern species extending north to south and west 

 Ireland, and south to Mediterranean, Canaries, Madeira, Cape Verde, and the Cajje of Good 

 Hope (Locard, No. 69). 



Depth. Generally in littoral and lauunarian zone ; seldom beyond coralline zone 

 (Locard). Tlie Talisman took it off the Canaries in 100 fathoms. 



Venus casina. Shells only of this species were taken. 

 A southern species extending from West Norway to the Mediterranean, Madeira, and 

 Canaries, 5-145 fathoms (Jeffreys). 



Ve7ms striatula [= Venus gcdlina]. Shells only taken. 



From Iceland to Mediterraiiean. Sandy ground, low-water to 85 fathoms (.Jeffreys, No. 

 55). Forbes (No. 24) records it frequently on sand, and on sand and mud ; Metzger (No. 

 77) records it nine times on sand and shell or on sand and mud, and twice on mud; 

 Ileincke (No. 39) finds it frequent in the neighbourhood of Heligoland, chieily on clean 

 sand ground ; and Petersen (No, 95) records it in the Kattegat on sand or on mixed 

 deposits. 



Verms fasciata (Table VI.). A few living specimens, chiefly on coarse 

 grounds, viz. : — Ground XL, haul 9 ; Ground XVI., haul 13 ; Ground, 

 XVIL, hauls G and 68; and Ground XVIII., haul 45. 



DisTiur.UTiON. Geographical. From the North Cape to the Mediterranean (Jeffreys, 

 No. 55). 



Dej)th. Shore to deepest water around British Coasts (Jeffreys) ; 100 fathoms (Hoyle, 

 west of Scotland, No. 52). 



£oUom- deposit. Chieily on gravel and gravelly sand in coralline zone (Forbes and 

 Hanley). Metzger (No. 77) records it three times in the Pommerania dredgings, all on 

 coarse ground. From the Liverpool district (No. 40, Vol. IX., p. 33) it is recorded on 

 small gravel and shell. Petersen (No. 95) took it in the Kattegat on gravel and on sand. 



Venus ovatct. The shells of this species were very plentiful on all 



gravel and shell grounds. It was not, however, taken alive. 



DiSTrJBUTiON. Geographical. From Finmark to Mediterranean and Azores. 



Depth. Shallow water to 1046 fathoms [Porcupine expedition). 



Bottom-deposit. Forbes and Hanley state that the species has a preference for gravelly 

 sand. Forbes [Brit. Assoc, 1850) records it from all kinds of bottoms; generally, how- 

 ever, gravel or sand. Heincke states that it is the commonest lamellibranch near Heligo- 

 land, and is frequent in muddy sand with shells and small stones at 16-32 fathoms. He 

 also finds it on coarse sand and nuid. Metzger (No. 77) took it in the North Sea nine 

 times on coarse ground and four times on fine sand. Petersen (No. 95) found it in the 

 Kattegat on mixed deposits (on gravel and nuid, and on sand and nuid). 



Artemis exoleta. Two specimens were taken in haul 99 on the clean 

 shell gravel (Ground XVI.) close to the Eddystone rocks. Shells of 

 the species were also very numerous in the same haul, as well as on 

 several other shelly grounds. 



Di.srianuTioN. Gcograjyhical. Finmark to Mediterranean. 



Depth. Shore to 70 fathoms (Forbes, No. 24). 



Botlom-flcposit. Sandy ground (Forbes and Hanley). Forl)es [Brit. Assoc. Pep., 1850) 

 records it on shell and sand, on gravel, on nullipores, and on mud, as well as on .sand. 



Cyprina islandica. Shells only were taken on the grounds examined. 

 These were present on the ordinary shell and gravel grounds, and also 

 on Ground 11., a line sand ground upon which shells were not numerous. 

 DisTKlKUTioN. GcograpliAcal. Lapland, Iceland, Finmark, Norway, British Seas, 

 French Coast, bay of liLseay : also on the coast of New England. This is a distinctly 

 northern sjieeies \_fidc Locard, No. 69]. 



