504 ON THE FAUNA AND BOTTOM-DEPOSITS NEAR THE 30-FM. LINE 



and 41 (Ground XIV.), haul 75 (Ground VII.) and haul 93 (Ground 

 IX.), all of them coarse grounds to the west of the Eddystone. 



In one haul on the Bolt Shell Gravel (haul 27, Ground XVII.) 

 several specimens of the species were taken, but it was not captured 

 alive in other hauls in the neighbourhood of Bolt Head and Prawle. 



No specimens were taken on any of the fine sand grounds. 



DiSTiUBUTiON. Geographical. Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, 

 Azores, and Madeira (Jeffreys, No. 55, and Locard, No. 69). Tristan da Cunha 

 {Challenger). 



Depth. Shore at low-water (Forbes and Hanley) to 1480 fathoms {Porcupine). 



Jiottom-dc]Wsit. Forbes and Hanley state that Lima Loscomhii occurs on gi'avel, on 

 nullipores, and on scallop-banks. Forbes {Brit. Assoc, 1850) gives eight records, all on 

 gravel, on shell, on nullipore, or on stony ground. Gwyn Jeffreys says it lives on sandy or 

 fravelly ground. Metzger (No. 77) records it once only in the Pommerania dredgings 

 (Hongesund SchJiren) on stony ground. In the Liverpool district it is recorded on 

 nullipore ground (No. 41, p. 319) and on "reamy bottom" {i.e., sand or gravel mixed 

 with mud). Petersen (No. 95) found it in the Kattegat eight times on muddy gravel, 

 four times on .sand and mud, and four times on mud or pure mud (" Slik " or " Ren Slik "). 

 The Challenger (No. 107) took it off the Azores in 450 fathoms on volcanic mud. 



From the above records it appears that the species is usually found on coarse ground 

 often, if not gcnerallj^, mixed with mud, but that it may occur also on mud. 



With regard to the nest-building habit of Lima Gwyn Jeffreys says that this species {L. 

 Loscomhii) seldom makes a nest, although specimens in nests have been seen both by 

 himself and by Sars. He remarks further that "in all probability this habit depends on the 

 nature of the sea-bottom. When the latter is soft nuid the Lima can partly bury itself, 

 and does not require to be otherwise protected from its voracious enemies. The haddock 

 seems fond of it, the shells being often found in its stomach." 



Peden maximus. Chart XIA^. Aloderately abundant on the various 

 gravel grounds in the neighbourhood of the Eddystone, two or three 

 specimens being generally taken in each haul of the dredge. It was 

 most numerous on Ground IX., where the bottom-deposit is coarse 

 gravel mixed with fine sand. The species was entirely absent from the 

 fine sand grounds and from the Bolt Head shell gravel. On the Prawle 

 Stony Ground one small specimen only was obtained (in haul 4). 



Distribution. Geographical. Norway, British Seas, France, etc., to Azores, Madeira, 

 and Canaries (Jeffreys, No. 55 ; Locard, No. 69). The species does not appear to be common 

 in the North Sea. Metzger (No. 77) gives no records from the rommerania North Sea 

 dredgings, and Heiucke (No. 39) does not record it from Heligoland. Forbes and Hanley 

 state that Bean took only three alive during very many years at Scarborough. It is scarce 

 in the Kattegat (No. 95). 



Depth. Shallow water (Forbes and Hanley, 3 fathoms) to 848 fathoms (Locard, No. 69, 

 Azores). 



Bottom-deposit. Forbes {Brit. Assoc, 1850) records living Pecten maximus twice from 

 shell, once from gravel, once from sand. Metzger {rommerania expedition) gives one 

 record (Siilsvig, 0-20 fathoms) on stones and bivalve sliells. Petersen (No. 95) found it 

 three times in the Kattegat on gravel and small stones, on shell gravel, and on gravel, nuid, 

 and stones. In the Liverpool and Isle of Man districts P. maximus is recorded on nullipore 

 ground, on line gravel, on muddy sand and stones, and on sand and shell fragments (No. 

 40, Vol. IX., pp. 33 and 34 ; No. 41, p. 319). In the record on muddy sand and stones it 

 is stateil that many ophini'ids were ]iresent, which indicates a similarity with the gravels 

 tu the west of tlie Eddystone, where we have obtained the species. In the Isle of Man 

 haul, on sand and shell fragments, Pectunculiis glycimcris was also taken. On the grounds 



