FROM TIIK EDDYSTONE GROUNDS TO START POINT. 507 



Distribution. GeograpMccd. Finmark to Mediterranean and Canaries (Jeffreys, No. 55, 

 and Locard, No. 69). 



Depth, SlioVe to 809 fatlionis {Porcupine). 



Bottom-deposit. Forl)es {Brit. Assoc., 1850) gives many records, all on coarse ground. 

 Metzger (No. 77) found it on stony ground and Petersen (No. 95) on mixed deposits. 

 Gwyn Jeffreys says it occurs everywhere on shells and stones from low-water to 145 

 fathoms. 



Emarginula rosea. Once only, in haul 8, on Ground XI. 



DiSTRlBt'TlON. Geographical. South Coast of England, French Coast, and in the 

 Mediterranean (Jeffreys). 



Depth. 7-25 fathoms (Jeffreys). 



Bottoia-dcposit. Forbes {Brit. Assoc, 1850) gives two records, on gravel and nulliiwres 

 and on shell. 



Trochus granidaUis. On the Eddystone Grounds this species was 

 taken on IX., XI., and XIII., all of them with a bottom-deposit of coarse 

 gravel mixed with sand or muddy sand. One specimen was also taken 

 on the Bolt Head Shell Gravel (XVII.) in haul 27, where the bottom is 

 recorded as shells, broken shells, gravel, and sand. 



Di.sTKiBUTiON*. Geographical. Scottish and English Coasts, France, Spain, Canaries, 

 Madeira, and Mediterranean (Jeffreys, No. 55 ; Locard, No. 69). 



Depth. Coralline zone to 2105 ftithoms {Travailleur, Locard). 



Bottom-deposit. Forbes (No. 24, Brit. Assoc, 1850) gives three records, on shell, on 

 mud and stones, and on gravel. 



Trochus zizi/phinus. The small deep-water variety of this species was 

 occasionally taken, viz., on Grounds XIY. (fine gravel) and XYII. and 

 XVIIL, the l>olt Head Shell Gravel Ground and the Prawle Stony 

 Ground respectively. 



Distribution. Geographical. Finmark to Canaries and Mediterranean. 



Depth. Shore to 450 fathoms {Challenger, No. 107). 



Bottom-deposit. ' The chief habitat is on sea- weeds and rocks on the shore and in 

 the laminarian zone. Records from deeper water by Forbes {Brit. Assoc, 1850) are from 

 all kinds of bottom. The Challenger specimen was from volcanic mud off the Azores. 



Turritella communis. Chart XV. Both shells and living specimens 

 of this species were numerous on Ground IX. (hauls 93 and 94), which 

 has a bottom-deposit composed of a mixture of coarse gravel and fine 

 sand. The only other haul in which living specimens were taken was 

 haul 39 on Ground IV. (three miles east of Eddystone). 



Distribution. Geographical. Lofoten Islands to Mediterranean (Jeffreys, No. 55). 



Depth. 5-100 fathoms (Jeffreys). Forbes and Hanley say that it occurs in immense 

 numbers in some places in 7-10 fathoms. In 219 fathoms (Koehler, No. 61). 



Bottom-dc2}osit. Forbes and Hanley (No. 25) state that the species lives especially in 

 muddy and weedy localities. Forbes {Brit. Assoc, 1850) gives nine records on mud mixed 

 willi stones, gravel, or sand ; eight on gravel or stones or nuUipores ; four on sand. 

 Metzger (No. 77) gives five records froin the Pommcrania dredgings on sandy mud, one on 

 mud, one on stones, and one on sand, shells, and small stones. Petersen (No. 95) found 

 the species in the Kattegat on mixed deposits (sand or gravel with mud) and on nnid, but 

 not on clean sand. The Liverpool Biological Society (No. 40) give three records, on sandy 

 mud (30 fathoms), on mud in 34 fathoms, and on tln' dc('|it'i' mud in 50 fathoms, where it 

 is a characteristic S2>ecics, 



