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of the frontal arul pan'ctul bones, and articulating anteriorly witli the united 

 nasals («) ; on each side of tho fronto-parietal and intervening het\v(!en it 

 and the squamosal, the pro-otic (jw). The squamosals (sq) articulate with the 

 quadrato-jugals (qj), in front of which are the tooth-hearing maxilke {m) and 

 pramaxilla (p'«). 



On the inferior surface (pi. I, 2) are the vomers (vo) with the vomerine 

 teeth arranged in two oblique series, the transverse palatines (pi), sjj/ieneth- 

 moid (e), parasphenoid (psp), and the pterygoids {pt). On the posterior surface 

 are the large exoccipitals {eo), which articulate with the first vertebra or 

 atlas ' by means of two condyles, one on either side of the foramen magnum. 

 The inferior maxillce (pi. I, 3) are made up of several bones and connected 

 together at the symphysis by a symphyseal bone {sy). 



2. The vertebral column (pi. I, 4) is made up of eight presacral verte- 

 brae, one sacral vertebra {sv) and a long modified caudal portion called the 

 urostyle (c), which articulates with the convex articular surfaces of the sacral 

 vertebra by two corresponding concave surfaces. All the vertebrae, except 

 the first or atlas, have transverse processes. 



3. The pelvic girdle (pi. I, 5) is composed of two long narrow ilia (il), 

 which are connected anteriorly with the sacral vertebrse and posteriorly with 

 the ptibis and ischium (pi), which, in this species, are completely fused 

 together, so that the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum, which receives 

 the head of the femur, is traversed by a transverse fissure instead of a 

 triradiate fissure, such as is formed in the Eiiropean Jtana esculenta by the 

 junction of the ilium, ischium, and pubis. 



4. The posterior extremity (pi. II, 1, 2, 3) is made up of the femur (/), 

 the united tihia and fihula {tf), the tarsus (ca), in which the ealcaneum and 

 astragalus {tiliale and fihulare) appear as two long bones united at their 

 proximal and distal extremities, the metatarsus (mts) and phalanges (ph). 

 The toes are five in number, and there is in addition on the inner side of the 

 base of the metatarsal bone of the first toe or hallux, a small bone called the 

 calear {c), which may be considered as a rudimentary sixth toe. 



5. In the pectoral arch or girdle (pi. II, 4) the following parts can be 



recognised : — The scapula (sc) with the 

 cartilaginous supra scapula {sse), pretoracoid 

 (pc), and coracoid (co), of which the latter 

 is connected with its fellow of the oppo- 

 site side in the middle line. Batrachians 

 which have the coracoids thus connected 

 are placed in the " Firmisternal "series 

 to distinguish them from those Batra- 

 chians, e.g., the South Indian toad [Bufo 

 melanost ictus), which belong to the " Arci- 

 ferous " series, in which the precoracoid 

 and coracoid are connected by an arciform 

 cartilage, which overlaps the correspond- 

 ing cartilage of the opposite side (fig. 6). 

 Anterior to, and articulating with, the 

 internal extremities of the prcecoracotds 

 is the partly cartilaginous and partly 

 osseous omosternum (asi), and posterior to 

 and articulating with the coracoids is the 

 ossified sternum (si), with its attached 



Fig. 6. 



^ " In amphibians the first vertebra consists of a simple ring, v/hich articulates with the 

 two condyles and the basis cranii. As numerous researches have shown, however, the first 

 vertebra of amphibians does not correspond to that {i.e., the atlas) of the higher vertebrates, 

 but is much more nearly homologous with the second cervical vertebra of the latter, the 

 axis." Wiedersheim, Comparative A)iato>nij of Vertebrates, (Engl. TransL), 1SS6. 



2 



