174 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



Lcnifth of llic boilv iu uiiii 



Iiead in °i of the length of the body 



.. iiui\illary bones ., ., .. ,. ., ,. ,. ,: 



.. lower jaw ., ,, ., .. ,. .. ,. , - 



.. ventnil tins ., ,. .. ,, ., .; -. >j --- - 



Distance between the ventral tins and (he aual tin in % of the length of the body... 



.. anal tin ., .. tip of the snont .. ,, .. .. .. .. ,. „ 



liase of the .. .. .: :• >> n •• i- v :• 



Least de])th of the tail v .. .. „ ,. .. ., v 



Hase of I lie anal lin in 'i of the distance between this tin and the liii of the snout — 



Length of the ventral 11ns ,. „ ,, „ „ ,, their insertion and the anal fin.... 



,^ J, „ ,, ,, ,. „ „ the anal lin and the tip of the snout 



Cottus gobio. 



Lake 



P'orssa, 



Helsing- 



land,Nov 



1882. 



72.0 



25.0 



7.G 



11.5 



17.0 



27.6 

 48.6 

 23.0 



5.8 



47.4 

 Gl.o 

 34.8 



Islands 

 near 

 Stock- 

 holm, 

 Aug. 

 1851. 



9 



Lake 



Forssa, 



Hclsing- 



land, Nov. 



1882. 



(4).0 



25.3 



8. .5 

 11.1 

 IG.i 

 27.4 

 48.2 

 22.4 



5.0 

 46.4 

 58.8 

 33.4 



Lake 

 Forssa, 

 Hcl sing- 

 land, Nov 

 1882. 



86.3 

 26.0 



8.5 

 12.7 

 l(i.2 



24.4 

 50.4 

 20.8 



5.8 

 41.3 



GG.o 

 32.1 



89.0 



25.8 



8.1 



11.2 



15.V 

 28.1 

 51.1 



21.8 



5. c, 

 42.0 

 56,0 

 30.8 



Islands 

 near 

 Stuck- 

 bohn, 

 Aug. 

 1854. 



78.0 

 2t;.a 

 lO.ii 

 13. 1 



17.4 



23. 1 

 50.0 

 23.1 



5.8 



46.2 

 75. .■s 

 35. 



Cottus lioecilopus. 



Bjfirk- 

 niis. 



rf' 



Motala. 



o" 



Motala. 



cf 



45.0 

 25.8 



7.7 

 11.6 

 18.2 



22.2 

 44.9 

 26.7 



4.7 



59.4 

 82.0 

 40.6 



77.5 



26. G 



9.0 



12.9 

 19.3 



23.5 



47.1 

 25.8 



.5.3 



54.5 

 82.4 

 41.1 



93.0 



28.5 



9.7 

 13.3 



20.4 

 25.8 



47.3 

 25.8 

 6.0 

 .54.5 

 79.2 

 40,3 



Tlie Alpine Bullhead, which attains ;i lenijth of 

 about 14 cm., is in most respects so like the preceding 

 species that a minute description is unnecessary. The 

 length of the jaws, the ventral fins and the base of 

 the anal tin, which is generally greater in this species, 

 and the distance from the tip of the snout to the be- 

 ginning of the anal fin, which is generally less, form 

 its true charticters. The species owes its systematic 

 name {poecihpus, "with variegated foot") to the blackish 

 transverse bands which usually appear on the ventral 

 fins; and in most cases this character holds good, though 

 these bands are often indistinct, while in Cottus f/ohio, 

 too, the ventral fins are often spotted witli Idtick. In 

 all the .specimens we have examined, even in tJie fe- 

 males, thei-e are numerous and very distinct, l)ut scat- 

 tered, spinous scales on the anterior part of the sides, 

 even above the latei-al line. We have always found 

 the lateral line imperfect, or at least that its openings 

 and pores become indistinct at the middle of the second 

 dorsal fin and sometimes just behind the beginning of 

 this fin; but its usual course to the Imse of the caudal 

 fin is generally indicated bv a groove in the skin. In 

 this res])ect, however, Cottus poecilopus does not stand 

 alone: the posterior part of the lateral line is indistinct 

 and api)ai'ently destitute of pores in the generality of 

 cases — though to a less extent — in Cottridermichthys 

 Inimatus, Cottus quadricornis and occasionally in Cottus 

 f/ol)io, where, however, it is generally perfect or perhaps 

 becomes indistinct for a small part of its course to be 

 again continued by distinct pores further back. 



The Swedish name wliicli Lilljeboug has given 

 this species, ttcrfisiwpa or 'Mountain Bullhead', is really 

 founded on the circumstance that it was first desci'ibed 

 as an inhal)itant of the mountain torrents among the 

 Carpathians — according to a statement of doubtful 

 authenticitv it also occurs in a similar way among the 

 Pyrenees. Its geographical range is, however, far too 

 little known as yet to admit of any decided inference 

 being drawn from this circumstance, especially as it so 

 closely resembles the common River Bullhead even in 

 colour and in its habits that the species may well have 

 been confused on uKim' occasions where a most careful 

 examination has not l)een made. Lilueborc, however, 

 I'ightlv points out that it lias been found in one of 

 the northernmost Swedish lakes, Saggat Mere near 

 Qvickjock (WiDEonEN), in the lakes of Jemtland — where, 

 according to Olsson, it is called Stengcrs (Stone-ruflt') 

 Lalrrfers (Burbot-ruff) and Lakatruhl) (Flat-nosed Bur- 

 bot) — and in Lake NiVmm in Smaland (Porath and 

 Theorin), and that Collett assigns only this species, 

 and not the preceding one, to the rivers and lakes of 

 Norway south of Dovre Field. It would thus appear in 

 Scandinavia too, to belong more or less entirely to the 

 mountain-regions, though, as Suxdevall has shown, it 

 lives together with Cottus (/otiio in the island-belts of 

 the Baltic. That it also occurs in Fngland, appears 

 from Day's figure which we have mentioned above, 

 and \\'hich is di-ivvn from a specimen caught in the 

 Chern, one of the upper tributaries of the Thames. 



