194 SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



aiiv iither ti;«li, not cxcfptiiii!- xhv Mackerel. Their re- The suhfaiiiily is represented in all the tropic and 

 latives, the Hving Gurnards, always sport at the sur- temperate seas. Jordan and (tIi.bkrt estimate the 

 tare, or lea]) up into the air, hoverin<r there on their number of species at about 40, distributed among 5 

 parachutes, the large pectoral tins, ^vliich are spread genera. Only one of these genera belongs to the Scan- 

 like wings. dinavian fauna. 



Genus TRIGLA. 



Ventral Jimi far apart and contaiiiiiif/ 5 soft rai/s. The three Joaer raijs of the pectoral fns free and Jim/er-like. 



The lower j'aa-, the internia.tillari/ hones and the head of the vomer set irith fine, cardiforni teeth: the palatine 



hones toothless. The true scales thin, ciliate and extremehi small. 



In olden times, and even in Aktedi, the Gurnards continued, with lateral ducts and ]iores, in dermal folds 



were referred to the same genus as the Mullets; and both above and below the scales of the lateral line, 



the generic name Trif/la ought really to be conferred In Trivia lineata, an inhal)itant of the Mediterranean 



on the latter tishes, if more attention were paid to and the neighbouring parts of the Atlantic, the system 



classical (jrder than to Linn.eus's authoritv". We now, may spread in this way almost over the whole of the 



indeed, set them far apart in the system; but the opin- body. Furthermore, the lateral line in the Gurnards 



ion of the old writers tinds some ground not only in is not only unbroken and perfect along the whole body, 



the red colouring, which often prevails in the Gurnards but also divides, at the tail, into two, forked branches 



too, but also in the structure of so important an or- on the caudal tin: tiie upper branch usually runs be- 



ganic system as that of the lateral line. In the Gur- tween the second and third rays above the middle of 



nards this svsteni is insigniticant on the cuirassed head; the tin, the lower between the lii'st and second rays 



but its distribution on the l)od\- reminds us of that in below this point; and, as a rule, both these branches 



Mullus, and is sometimes far better developed. The extend to the extreme hind margin of the fin. With 



scales of the lateral line are much larger than those regard to the structure of the tin rays in this genus, 



of the rest of the bodv, and often armed with spines, we ma\' remark that, as a rule, bv far the greater 



as in some Cotti. Thev are sometimes of the usual portion of the ravs in the anal tin are simple, only 



form, oblong or of slightlv greater depth than length, the antepenultimate and penultimate being sometimes 



and pierced with onlv few branches of the lateral canal branched at the tip, while in the second dorsal tin most 



— as in Trifjla yurnardas, where onlv one lateral of the rays are branched, onl}' the tirst two or three 



branch of this canal runs obliquelv downwards and being simple. All the latter ravs are, however, articulated, 



backwards in the posterior part of the scale. Some- and the last two are very closelv joined at the base. 



times, however, thev are pierced with a finger-like The genus Trigla contains about 15 known species, 



branching of the canal, which stronglv resembles that in and is spread over the Atlantic, though not known 



^^ldlll<i\ as in the middle of each scale of the lateral with any certainty in its western regions, round the 



line in 'Trir/la pini. In this species, however, these Cape of Good Hope to New Zealand. The three spe- 



scales are diminished in length, but increased in depth, cies found within the limits of the Scandinavian fauna 



by lateral processes (upwards and do^vnwards) which may be distinguished as follows: 



call to mind the scales in Fteri/comhas: in each of j. Scnlcs of the lateral line high, their upper 



these scales, too, the canal sends out two lateral bran- processes cxtenrling to the lateral plates 



ches, one upwards and one downwards, each with lateral ""! ^^^ '^'"''^''^ fin-groove Triola pirn. 



- . B: Scales of the lateral line of ordinarv form. 

 ducts in a backward direction, which, like the chief 



branch, open into jwres in the scale. In some instances 



a: Scales of the lateral line spinous. 

 Pectoral fins sliorter than the base of 



the scales of the lateral line are prolonired upwards to cither the second dorsal or the aual (in Tricjla .yurnanlus. 



, . "^ li: Scales of the lateral line unarmed, 



the spinous plates ot the dorsal fin-groove, or the two i p^,,^^^.^! j-^,^ i„^„^,. ^j,^,, ^^^ i,,,^ ^f 



lateral branches a re so well developed that they are ! cither the second dorsal or tlie anal tin Triola lucenia. 



" Systema Naluriv, ed. X. toiii. I. p. .000. 



* See EsGSTRiJH, Om Fjullen.t btjgijnad hos Osteopterygii, disp. I.und 1874. tab. I, fig. 13. 



