220 



SCANDINAVIAN FISHES. 



Genus PHOLIS. 



Bodtj lihlxiit-sJidpcd, covered ir'ith renj ■'^iikiJ} scalers. Head naked and irlthout dermal frinfies. Jaa--teeth pointed, 

 in front set in several roas. Head, especialhi the sinnd, short. Mouth turned upwards. Gill-openings large, hut 

 vertical: the hranchiostegal membranes united to eacli other under the isthmus, to u-hich tliei/ are Joined only in- 

 front. One, continuous dorsal fin, containing onli/ sj)inous rai/s, along the u-hole of the hack hehlnd the head. 

 Anal fin lone/, u-ith two sjnnous rags at the hegiiin'ing, and uifli tlie other rays articulated and (usually distinctly) 

 hranched. Ventrid fins short, jugular and containing one spinous raif and one (indistinct) soft ray. All the rays 

 of the pectoral fins often hranched. Branched rays in tlie caudal fin feu' (under I.'j). Latend line indistinct. 

 Brancliiostegal rays J. Pseudohraiahirt' present. Air-hladder and pyloric appendages wanting. 



To receive the common Spotted Guiiue], as it was j 

 described and figured by Sujef", Lacepede'' formed 

 the genus Murcenoides a year before Bloch-Schneiijer 

 called the same genus Centronotus'', the two names 

 which, together with Valenciennes's'' later name of 

 Gunnellus, have been most generally recognised up to ! 

 the present. Long before Lacepede's tinje, liowever, 

 the same species liad been adopted by Gronovius, in 

 1763, as the type of the genus Pholis", the name which, ■ 

 according to the current la^vs of nomenclature, must 

 thus possess the right of priority. The name is derived, 



hoAvever, from Aristotle'', and originally denoted a 

 Mediterranean fish "which hides itself in its own mucus". 

 The genus is very nearly related to the preceding one; 

 but the still more ribbon-shaped body, the pointed 

 jaw-teeth, set in several rows, and the structure of the 

 ventral hns — one small, pungent, spinous ray and 

 one rudimentary, soft ray in the membrane inside 

 it — or even the al)sence of these iins, are the dis- 

 tinguishing characters of these fishes, of which six or 

 seven species have hitherto been recognised from the 

 northern jiarts of the Atlantic and Pacific. 



THE SPOTTED GUNNEL (sw. testefisken). 

 PHOLIS GUNNELLUS. 



Plate XI, tig. 6. 



Along the base of the dorsal fin, a row of (diout 10 hlack, ocellated S2)ots, which also extend slightly down over 



flic hack of the hody. Bays in the dorsal fin at most 81. 



13 1. 

 S'/ii. 



n. bi: 

 U + .v. 



D. 76—81; A. 



40—42 



P. — 12; T'. 



C. .r + 



Opiiidion cirrllis carens; Aet., Gen., p. 25; iSyn., p. 42; Heyke, 

 Vet. Akad. Handl. 1744, p. 12'.); LiN., Fn. Svec, ed. 1, p. 

 108; Oplddmm imberhe, Lin., Fn. >Suec., ed. II, p. 114. 



Blennius Gunellus Lin., Mus. Ad. Frid., tnin. I, p. 60, Syst. 

 Nat. {Bl. Gunnellus), ed. X, torn. I, p. 2.'J7; F/i. Suec, ed. II, 

 p. 114; NiLSS. (Centronotus), Prodr. Icluli. Scand., p. 103; 

 Fiiiiis et Wright, Sicand. Fisk., ed. I, p. 105, tab. 25, fig. 

 1; Swains., (Opliisomus), Fisli., etc., vol. II, p. 277; Gthr 

 (Centronotus), Cnt. Brit. Mus., Fisli., vol. Ill, p. 285; Mgrn, 

 Finl. Fisk. (disp.), p. 21; Gli.L (Mnramoides), Proc. Acad. 



Nat. So. Philnd., 1864, p. 204; Coll. (Centronotus), Forh. 

 Vid. Selsk. Chnia, 1874, TilL-cgsh., p. 77; N. Mag. Naturv., 

 Bd. 20 (1884), p. 60; Malm, Glnjs, Boh. Fn., p. 472; Winth., 

 Natiirb. Tidskr. Kbhvii, ser. Ill, vol. XII, p. 23; Day, Fish.. 

 G:t Brit.. Irel., vol. I, p. 208, tab. LXI, fig. 1; Mela, 

 Vert. Fenn., p. 290, tab. IX; M6b., Hcke, Fisch. Osts., p. 

 61; Lillj., Sv., Norg. Fisk., vol. I, p. 522; .Jord., Gilb. 

 (Murcenoides), Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 16, p. 767; Hansen 

 (Centronotus), Zool. Dan., Fiske, p. 48, tab. VIII, fig. 1. 

 Gunnellus vulgaris, Flem., Brit. Aniin., p. 207; Cuv., Val., 

 Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XI, p. 410; Kr., Damn. Fiske, vol. 

 I, pp. 341 et 600; Nir.ss., Skand. Fn., Fisk.. p. 200; Mor., 

 Hist. N'at. Poiss. Fr., vol. II, p. 153. 



" Acta Petrop. 1770, part. II, p. 105, tab. VI, fig. 1. 



'' Hist. Nat. Poiss., torn. II, p. 324; — 1800. 



' Syst. Ichtli., Bl., ed. Schn., p. 165. 



'' Crv., Vat.., Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XI. p. 418, corresponding to Cuvier'.s subgenus Les Gonnelles (Regn. Anim., ed. 2, torn. II, 



p. 230). 



' Zoophyl., Fasc. I, p. 78. 



/ Cf. Cuv., Val., 1. c., p. 260. 



