CAMJONYMinVE. 



273 



THE GEMMEOUS DRAGONET (.sw. sjokockkn.) 

 CALLIONYMUS LYRA. 



Plate XIV. 



Lenfith of flic liead from the front point (f tlic UitcrmaxiUarii hones, niioi retruded, to the hind Jjrmicliiosteyal 

 iiiuriji)i'\ /chicli is hidden by the skin, more thou .// % of the le)igth of the body, and to the anterior margin of the 

 gill-openiiifi more than 18 % thereof or thou '' ,, of the base of the anal fn. Base of the anal fin less than or equal 

 to \ ,| of the teiif/th of the hod;/, and (dso less than {or at most ('(/ual to) either the length of the hi'od as first given, 

 or the di.sfaiiee helireeii the first dorsal fin and I he liji of llic snoiil, (uid lastly, ahoaf (id ((11) % at most of the 

 distance between the beginning of the anal fin and the tip of the snout. Least depth of the tail at least Vi % of 

 the base of the anal fin, and the breadth across the insertions of the ventral fiis at least ')() % of the latter. 



The lateral line rniis atom/ tin 



n. bv. C: D. 4|9(8); A. 9(8): P. 17—20 

 Vert. 21''. 



Hyn. Vutliis ossifiilo pinna' il(prsali.< prinui limgitiuline cdrjupris, .J. F. 

 Geon., Act. Soc. Rpg. Sc. Ups. 1740, p. 121. tab. VIII; 

 Uranoscopus ossiculo prime ]iinna? dorsalis priniio loiigitudine 

 corporis, L. T. GnoN., Mns. Ichtli., I, p. 23, No. (54 (cf 

 ad\\\t.= Uranoscopus Lyra, Vat. Fisli. Gron., I'rit. Miis., 

 ed. Gray, p. 4:2)+ Uran. oss. pr. pin. dors. pr. triunciali, 

 Mtis., 1. c , No. 65 ((f juu. = Uran. Draciiuctiliis, Cat., 



1. c.) + Uran. OSS, pr. pin. dors. pr. nnciali, Mus., 1. c, p. 21, 

 No. 63, exel. syn. (9= Uran. microptcvygius, (Jat., 1. c, p. 4.3). 



Uranoscopus pictus, Lin., Mus. Ad. Fr., toni. I, p. 71. 



CaUionymus Lyra, Lin., Syst. Nat., ed. X, toni. I, p. 249; MOll.^ 

 Zool. Van., I, No. 36, p. 91 (ed. germ., Leipzig — Dessau), 

 tab. XXVII; Ketz., Fn. Suec. Lin., p. 313: Nilss., Prodr. 

 Iclttli. Scand., p. 92; Schagebstr6m, Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1833, 

 p. 127; Cuv., V.\i,. Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. XII, p. 266; Fr., 

 Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1837, p. 47; Id. et v. Weight, Sk-and. Fislc., 

 ed. 1, p. 95, tab. 22 et 23; Keoy., Danm. Fislce, vol. I, 

 p. 422; Nilss., ^Icand. Fn., Fish., p. 212; Gthe, Cat. Brit. 

 Mus., Fisli., vol. Ill, p. 139; Coll., Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 

 1874, Tillsegsb., p. 62; ibid. 1879, No. 1, p. 37; Malm, 

 Gbgs, Boll. Fn., p. 443; Winth., Naturh. Tidskr. Kbhvn, 

 ser. 3, vol. XII, p. 19; MoR., Hist. Nat. Poiss. Fr.. tom. 



2, p. 164; Day, Fisli. G:t Brit., Irel., vol. I, p. 174, tab. 

 LIV; LiLLj., Sv., Norg. Fish., vol. I. p. 648; Hansen, Zool. 

 Dan., Fiske, p. 37, tab. VI, figg. 8 et 9. 



CaUionymus dracuncnlus, LiN. (p. p.), Syst.. 1. c; Nilss., 



Prodr., I. c: Cuv., Val., I. c., p. 274. 



CaUionymus draculus, Mt)LL., Zool. Dan., I, N(i. 26, p. 65 



(ed. cit.); Retz.. 1. c. 



Obs. Evi-n Pallas (Hpicilegia Zoologica, Fasc. VIII, p. 25) 

 and after his time Nilsson {Prodr.) and Valenciennes (Cuv., Val., 

 I. c.) have expressed the opinion, which according to 0. F. MOl,LER 

 has also been current among the Norwegian fishermen, that CaUiony- 

 mus lyra and dracunculiis, as they have been determined in the Ncjrtb 



middle of the body. Posli'rior dors/il fin marked n'ifh sercral coloured bands, 

 running parallel to the direction of the badi/. 



V. ', -; C. x + 1 +.x; 



European fauna, are only different sexes of the same species. But 

 Fries was the first to demonstrate on scientific principles that this is 

 really the case (See Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1837). 



Tlie males ot the Gemiaeous Dragoriot are laueli 

 larger tliari the females. While the former, when full- 

 grown, measure from 25 to 30 cm., mo.st of the females 

 taken are from 20 to 22 cm. long, nnd neither Fries 

 nor LiLL.iEBuiif; had ever seen a female fully 25 cm. 

 in length. Tlie liody is depressed and roundish, taper- 

 ing posteriori}- in a conical form: the lielly is broad 

 and fl;it, and there is a longitudinal depression along 

 the back and also under the tail, which gives the trans- 

 section of the body behind the vent a close resemblance 

 to the tigure <S placed horizontally (<»). The greatest 

 breadtli of the body, l^etween the preopercular spines, 

 varies between about 18 and 20 %' of its length, and 

 the breadth at the end of the i\\y<\\ tin between about 

 7 and 9 %'' of the latter. The deptli of the body at 

 the base of the ventral fins appai-ently decreases with 

 age from about II to about I'^l^ ?^ of the length of the 

 body, at the end of the base of the anal fin from about 

 6 to about ^\., %, and the least depth, just in front ot 

 the base of the caudal fin, from 4 to S'/g %. 



The head is depressed, but .somewhat higher at the 

 middle than tlie sloping sides, forming a broad triangle, 

 the body being, therefore, broadest at the opercula, and 

 then tapering toAvards the snout. The frontal line forms 

 a sliijfht (lownwnrd curve. The snout is rounded to a 



" This is formed by the upturned branohiostegal ray whicli extends t'lirthest back, .uid which is generally the most prominent posterior 

 boundary of the head. The hind margin of the gill-cover is formed by the subopcrculuni, wliicli is, however, hidden by the skin, and some- 

 times indistinct. The most trustworthy measurement of the length of the head, in order to determine this species, is that taken to the an- 

 terior margin of the gill-opening. 



' In young specimens according to Malm, 19 or 20, 6 of which are abdominal. In old specimens the number of the latter is 7 or 8. 



' The least proportion we have found in 6 specimens, varying in length between 53 and 237 mm., is 17'7 "•, the greatest 19'6 '^■ 



'' The least jiroportion \\(' have found in the above specimens, is 6'8 %, the greatest 8"6 %. 



Scandinavian Fishes. 



35 



